Punish (Dev) - v причинять боль, страдание; ранить; переносить боль:

His leg did punish him so. I punished so in the new boots; съесть,

проглотить

Pur (Som) - n баран

Put (Som, Cor, Dev, Wil) - v посылать; заставлять что-либо делать; put

in - распрягать; переносить, терпеть (страдания); выполнять что-либо; put

out - обнаруживать, обнародовать; put to (till) - допрашивать; мучить;

запрягать; закрывать; v толкать

Q

Quank (Wil) - v превозмочь; успокоить; adj тихий, спокойный

Quar (Som, Dev) - v (о молоке) свернуться; задыхаться

Quarrel (Dev, Som, Cor, Wil) - n оконное стекло

Queachy (Som) - adj болотистый, сырой

Quilkin (Dev, Cor) - n лягушка, жаба

R

Rag (Dev) - n иней; туман; моросящий дождь

Rake (Cor) - n путь, маршрут, направление; путешествие; груз, который

можно перенести за один раз; большое количество

Rally (Som, Dev) - v быстро идти, спешить; будить, подымать ото сна;

ругать, громко говорить

Rames (Wil, Som, Dev, Cor) - n pl скелет, каркас; засохшая ботва

картофеля и других растений

Rane (Som, Dev) - n трещина (напрмер, в дереве); рваное место (одежды)

Rap (Som, Dev, Cor, Wil) - v менять, выменивать на что-либо; n сделка

Rare (Som, Dev, Cor) - adj ранний (об овощах, фруктах); готовый,

приготовленный

Rawn (Wil, Som, Dev, Cor) - v жадно есть; делать борозду; оставлять

шрам; rawned - adj обезображенный

Ray (Som, Dev) - v украшать; одевать; раздевать; загрязнять

Read (Som) - n четвертый желудок у жвачных животных; желудок

животного; v советовать; предупреждать; объяснять; предполагать

Ream (Dev, Cor) - n сливки

Rear (Wil, Dev, Cor) - adj (о мясе, яйцах) полусырой, недоваренный,

недожаренный: Ah likes my bacon a bit rare; (о фруктах) неспелый; (о

погоде) сырой

Rear-mouse (Wil, Som, Dev) - n летучая мышь

Reck (Som) - n небольшая корзина

Reese (Cor) - v (о перезрелом зерне) опадать

Ridder, Riddle (Wil, Som, Cor) - n сито для зерна; v сеять зерно

Rind, Render, Rander, Rainder (Dev) - v перетопить масло или сало

Roak(e) (Wil) - n туман; пар; мелкий дождь

Rode (Cor) - n умение, сноровка, сообразительность

Rose, Rouse (Som, Dev, Cor) - v оползать, опускаться (о земле);

падать; n громкое падение; оползень

Rouse (Wil, Dev) - v опрыскивать

Rum (Dev) - adj отличный; превосходный; adv сильно, вовсю, в

превосходной степени

S

Sam (Wil, Som, Dev, Cor) - n, adj неготовый или плохо приготовленный

(о пище), плохо подогретый (о пище)

Sammy (Wil) - adj клеклый; мокрый; пропитанный водой; мягкий

Sang, Songle (Dev, Cor) - n пригоршня зерна; небольшой сноп

Sawk (Dev, Cor) - n застенчивый, нервный человек

Sax (Som, Dev, Cor) - n ноги; v разрезать

Scat, Scad (Dev, Cor) - n внезапный кратковременный ливень; период

(работы; погоды): a scat of fine weather

Scorse (Som, Dev, Cor) - v выменять, выторговать что-либо

Scovy (Som, Dev, Cor) - adj неодинаковый по цвету, пестрый

Scoy (Cor) - adj худой, плохой; маленький, незначительный

Scraw (Cor) - v просушивать рыбу на солнце и воздухе; жарить рыбу над

огнем

Scrint (Com, Dev) - v гореть; спалить; поджигать

Scug (Cor) - n белка

Seam (Som, Dev, Cor) - n груз, поклажа (о лошади)

Sean (Dev, Cor) - n большая сеть для ловли рыбы

Shape (Wil) - v отправиться, уйти: We mun shape our way home; пытаться

что-либо сделать, осуществить

Shippen (Som, Dev, Cor) - n стойло для скота

Shut (Wil, Som) - v избавляться от чего-либо; тратить деньги без меры,

транжирить: He shut his addings in drink.

Sim, Zim (Wil) - n резкий запах (особенно от горящей веревки или

кости)

Skeel (Wil) - n деревянное ведро; таз

Skeeling, Sheal, Shealing (Wil) - n сарай

Skit (Cor) - n насмешка; намек; скандал; шутка; анекдот; v насмехаться

над кем-либо; строить козни; сердиться; ругаться

Slade (Som, Cor) - n долина; углубление; небольшой ручей

Slock (Som, Dev, Cor) - v заманивать, соблазнять; n болото, трясина;

впадина между холмами

Sloke (Dev) - v прятаться

Smarry (Dev) - n женская кофта

Smoot, Smeut, Smoat, Smot, Smout, Smut, Smute (Som, Dev) - n = Smeuse;

v быть стеснительным; умирать, околевать (о животных)

Sober (Dev) - adj серьезный, спокойный; бедный; слабый, больной

Sowl (Dev) - v трепать за уши; грубо обращаться; бить

Speer (Som) - v искать; спрашивать (тж. at); следить, наблюдать (тж. с

about, into, out); сделать предложение о браке

Spell (Som) - n рассказ, история; v рассказывать; ругать

Spend (Cor) - n дерн, трава

Spur (Cor) - n период времени (a pure spur, a bra’ spur - долгое

время): She has been gon a bra’ spur.

Stean (Wil, Som, Dev, Cor) - n глиняный сосуд

Steg (Wil) - n гусак; индюк; петух; неуклюжий человек

Stem (Wil, Som, Dev, Cor) - n период времени; период работы (смена)

Stout (Wil, Som) - n овод

Strad (Som, Dev) - n pl куски кожи, обвязываемые вокруг ноги, гетры

Stub (Som, Dev) - n большая сумма денег; большой запас чего-либо: He

lef’n a good stub; v разорять, доводить до бедности

Sull (Wil, Som, Dev) - n плуг

Summer, Simmer (Wil, Som, Dev) - n горизонтальный, поперечный, брус;

подпорка

Summering (Som, Dev) - n ежегодный праздник

Survey (Som, Dev, Cor) - n аукцион

Swale (Dev) - v жечь

T

Tallet (Wil, Som, Dev, Cor) - n помещение для хранения сена на чердаке

или над стойлом; чердак

Tave (Som) - v беситься, бушевать, бороться; выполнять тяжелую работу;

спешить; быстро идти; n трудность (в том числе материальная)

Tease (Som) - v разматывать

Teel (Wil, Cor, Som, Dev) - v прислонять к чему-либо; открывать: tile

a gate; не отступать от своего решения; упрямо делать что-либо

Teen (Cor, Dev) - n закрывать

Tell (Som, Cor) - v считать, рассчитывать: Did you tell the clock when

it stuck?; платить (обычно с out, down): They must tell down good five

pounds; приговорить (к какому-либо наказанию): The judge told a man for

hanging.

Temporary, Tempery, Tempory (Som) - adj слабый, хрупкий, непрочный: My

clock - warks are gettin’ rather temporary. Ye’re a temporary creature.

Temse (Wil) - n сито; v сеять, просеивать

Tetch (Som, Dev) - n походка; привычка; Tetchy - adj раздражительный;

(о погоде) переменчивый

Tewly (Wil) - adj слабый, нежный, болехненный, хрупкий;

поправляющийся, выздоравливающий (о больном)

Thirl (Som, Dev, Cor) - adj худой, тощий; голодный; (о колосе) пустой,

без зерен

Throw (Som) - v родить, произвести: Thick mare’ll drow a good colt;

быть против чего-либо; спорить, не соглашаться; сердиться, раздражать

Tie (Som, Cor) - n пуховая перина; кровать

Tift (Dev) - v одевать, наряжать

Till, Toll (Dev, Cor) - v вручать, давать; достигнуть (чего-либо)

Tine (Wil, Som, Dev) - v закрывать; огораживать

Trant (Som) - v переносить тяжести

Trig (Wil, Som, Dev, Cor) - v укрепить, закрепить, заклинить,

подпереть

Truff (Som, Dev, Cor) - n форель

Twire (Wil) - v пристально смотреть

U

Unco (Wil) - n pl известия, новости

Ure (Cor) - n грязь, глина

V

Vair (Som, Dev, Cor) - n ласка (животное)

Vlare (Som) - n дефект, изъян

Vreach (Som, Dev) - adj старательно, тщательно

W

Wairsh (Dev) - adj пресный, несоленый; безвкусный; сырой

Wake (Wil) - n прорубь на озере или на реке; деревенский праздник (pl)

Wall (Som) - v кипеть

Wang (Som) - n часть плуга; v гнуться, прогибаться (от груза); падать

в обморок

Want (Som, Cor, Wil, Dev) - n крот

Warth (Som) - n луг (особенно близкий к ручью); берег

Wat (Cor) - n заяц

Weel, Weil (Cor) - n корзина из прутьев для ловли рыбы

Wem, Wen (Cor) - n пятно, изъян; дыра на одежде

Went, Vent, Want, Wint (Som, Cor, Dev) - n дорога, колея;

пересекающиеся дороги; v идти; скиснуть (о жидкостях, особенно о молоке)

Win (Som, Dev) - v сушить (злаки, сено, торф и т.д) на воздухе; n

жатва

Wink (Cor) - n пивной магазин

Wride (Cor, Som, Dev) - v (о растениях) давать несколько отростков от

одного корня; распространяться; расширяться; n куст

Y

Yote (Wil, Som) - v лить, выливать, поливать; глотать, жадно пить

Conclusions.

1. In considering the history and development of the English language we

may maintain that a regional variety of English is a complex of regional

standard norms and dialects. We must admit, however, that rural dialects,

in the conservative sense of the word, are almost certainly dying out (e.g.

the Cornish language): increasing geographical mobility, centralization and

urbanization are undoubtedly factors in this decline. Owing to specific

ways of development, every regional variety is characterized by a set of

features identical to a variety of English.

In the United Kingdom RP is a unique national standard.

About seventy or so years ago along with regional types dozen

upon dozens of

rural dialects co-existed side by side in the country. The

situation has greatly

changed since and specifically after the Second World War.

Dialects survive for

the most part in rural districts and England is a highly

urbanized country and has

very few areas that are remote or difficult to access. Much of

the regional variation

in pronunciation currently to be found in the country is

gradually being lost. On the

other hand, it is important to note that urban dialects are

undergoing developments

of a new type, and the phonetic differences between urban

varieties seem to be on

the increase.

The United Kingdom is particular about accents, in the sense that

here attitudes and

prejudices many people hold towards non-standard

pronunciations are still

very strong.

Therefore RP has always been and still is the

“prestigious” national standard

pronunciation, the so-called implicitly accepted social standard.

In spite of the fact

that RP speakers form a very small percentage of the British

population, it has the

highest status of British English pronunciation and is genuinely

regionless.

2. The comparative analysis of the phonetic system of the regional

varieties of English pronunciation shows the differences in the

pronunciation in the system of consonant and vowel phonemes.

3. The comparative analysis of the grammar presents the difference between

the standard language and the dialects of the South-West of England.

In conclusion we may say that the problems of the regional dialects

(its phonetic, grammar and lexical systems) open up wide vistas for

further investigations.

B I B L I O G R A P H Y.

1. Бродович О.И. Диалектная вариативность английского языка: аспекты

теории. Л., 1988

2. Маковский М.М. Английская диалектология. Современные английские диалекты

Великобритании. М., 1980

3. Шахбагова Д.А. Фонетические особенности произносительных вариантов

английского языка. М., 1982

4. Allen B.H., Linn M.D. Dialect and language variation, Orlando, 1986

5. Brook G.L. English Dialects, Oxford Un. Press, 1963

6. Brook G.L. Varieties of English, Lnd, 1977

7. Cheshire J. Variation in an English dialect. A sociolinguistic study,

Cambridge Un. Press, 1982

8. Crystal D. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language,

Cambridge, 1995

9. Encyclopedia Britannica CD 2000 Deluxe Edition

10. Gimson A.C. An Introduction to the Pronunciation of English, Lnd, 1981

11. Hughes and Trudgill, English accents and dialects: An introduction to

social and regional varieties of British English, Lnd, 1979

12. Malmstrom J., Weaver C Transgrammar. English structure, style and

dialects, Brighton, 1973

13. Shaw G.B. Pygmalion, NY, 1994

14. Sheerin S., Seath J., White G. Spotlight on Britain, Oxford, 1990

15. Shopen T., Williams J.M. Standards and dialects in English, Cambridge,

1980

16. Trudgill P. On dialect: Social and Geographical Perspectives, NY and

Lnd, 1984

17. Trudgill P. Dialects in Contact, Oxford, 1986

18. Trudgill P., Chambers J.K. Dialects of English Studies in grammatical

variation. Longman, №9

19. Wakelin M.F. Discovering English Dialects, Shire Publications LTD, 1978

Dictionaries:

20. Hornby A.S. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English,

Oxford Un. Press, 1996

Audio tapes analysed:

21. Accents, Glossa Melit, M., 2000

TV program analysed:

22. Holiday in the Southwest, the channel “Discovery”, 2000

Приложение 3.

The Southwest.

The principal industries here are farming and tourism. There are some

very big farms, but most are small family farms with a mixture of cows,

sheep and crops. The main emphasis is on dairy products - milk and butter.

On Exmoor and Dartmoor, two areas of higher land, conditions are ideal for

rearing sheep and beef-cattle.

Industry is centered on three large ports: Bristol in the north, and

Portsmouth and Southampton in the south-east. In Bristol, aircraft are

designed and built. In Portsmouth and Southampton, the main industries are

shipbuilding and oil-refining.

1. Holiday time in the West Country.

The countries of Devon, Cornwall and Somerset are often called the

West Country. They have always been popular with holiday-makers, so there

are a large number of hotels, caravan - and camping-sites and private

houses and farms which offer bed and breakfast. There is a beautiful

countryside, where people can “get away from it all”, and the coastline

offers the best beaches and surfing in England. Also, the weather is

usually warmer than in the rest of the country.

2. West Country Food.

The national drink of Devon is a cream tea. This consists of a pot of

tea and scones served with strawberry jam and cream. The cream is not the

same as that found in the rest of the country. It is called clotted cream,

and it is much thicker and yellower than ordinary cream. And there is

another national dish called a Cornish pasty.

Pasties used to be the main food of Cornish miners fishermen about 150

years ago, because they provided a convenient meal to take to work. They

were made of pastry which had either sweet or savoury fillings, and were

marked with the owner’s initials on one end. This was so that if he did not

eat all his pasty at once he would know which one belonged to him!

Somerset has always been famous for its cheeses. The most popular

variety is probably “Cheddar”, which is a firm cheese. It usually has a

rather mild flavour but if it is left to ripen, it tastes stronger, and is

sold in the shops as “mature Cheddar”. It takes its name from a small town,

which is also, a beauty-spot well-known for its caves, which contain

stalagmites and stalactites.

A West Country famous drink is Somerset cider or "Scrumpy" as it is

called. Cider is made from apples and is sold all over the United Kingdom,

but scrumpy is much stronger, and usually has small pieces of the fruit

floating in it.

3. Sightseeings.

The country of Wiltshire is most famous for the great stone monuments

of Stonehenge and Avebury, and the huge earth pyramid of Silbury. No

written records exist of the origins of these features and they have always

been surrounded by mystery.

Stonehenge is the best known and probably the most remarkable of

prehistoric remains in the UK. It has stood on Salisbury Plain for about

4000 years. There have been many different theories about its original use

and although modern methods of investigation have extended our knowledge,

no one is certain why it was built.

One theory is that it was a place from where stars and planets could

be observed. It was discovered that the positions of some of the stones

related to the movements of the sun and moon, so that the stones could be

used as a calendar to predict such things as eclipses. At one time, people

thought that Stonehenge was a Druid temple. The Druids were a Celtic

religious group who was suppressed in Great Britain soon after the Roman

Conquest. Some people believe that they were a group of priests, while

others regarded them as medicine-men who practised human sacrifice and

cannibalism.

Because Stonehenge had existed 1000 years before the arrival of the

Druids, this theory has been rejected, but it is possible that the Druids

used it as a temple. The theory is kept alive today by members of a group

called the “Most Ancient Order of Druids” who perform mystic rites at dawn

on the summer solstice. Every year, they meet at Stonehenge to greet the

first midsummer sunlight as it falls on the stones and they lay out

symbolic elements of fire, water, bread, salt and a rose.

Another interesting theory is that the great stone circle was used to

store terrestrial energy, which was then generated across the country,

possibly through “ley lines”. “Ley lines” is the name given to invisible

lines, which link up ancient sites through out Britain. They were thought

to be tracks by which prehistoric man travelled about the country, but now

many people believe that they are mysterious channels for a special kind of

power.

4. The sea-ships and sailors.

The coastline of the Southwest of England stretches for 650 miles

(over 1000 km), and has many different features: cliffs, sand, sheltered

harbours, estuaries and marshes. It is not surprising that much of the

activity in this region has been inspired by the sea.

Side by side on the south coast of Hampshire are the two ports of

Portsmouth and Southampton. Portsmouth is the home of the Royal Navy, and

its dockyard has a lot of interesting buildings and monuments. There is

also the Royal Naval museum, where the main attraction is Horatio Nelson’s

flagship, the “Victory”.

Southampton, on the other hand, is a civilian port for continental

ferries, big liners, and oil and general cargo.

Many great sailors had associations with the West Country, for

example, Sir Walter Raleigh, the Elizabethan explorer, and Horatio Nelson,

who lived in Bath in Somerset. The most famous sailor of recent times, was

Sir Francis Chichester, who returned to Plymouth after sailing round the

world alone in “Gypsy Moth”.

In Bristol, to the north, one of the largest Victorian steamships, the

“Great Britain”, has been restored. It was the first iron ocean - going

steamship in the world and was designed by a civil and mechanical engineer

with the unusual name of Isambard Kingdom Brunel (1806-1859). He not only

designed three ships (including the first transatlantic steamer, the “Great

Western”), but also several docks and a new type of railway that enabled

trains to travel at greater speeds. He also designed the first ever tunnel

underneath the Thames and the Clifton Suspension Bridge.

Unfortunately, this coastline, in particular that of Cornwall, is

famous - or infamous - in another way too. The “foot” of Cornwall has the

worst of the winter gales, and in recorded history there have been more

than fifteen shipwrecks for every mile of coastline. There is even a

shipwreck centre and museum near St. Austell where there is an amazing

collection of items that have been taken from wrecks over the years.

There are a lot of stories about Cornish “wreckers” who, it is said,

tied lanterns to the tails of cows on cliff-tops or put them on lonely

beaches when the weather was bad, so that ships would sail towards the

lights and break up on the dangerous rocks near the coast. The wreckers

would then be able to steal anything valuable that was washed up on to the

shore.

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