Also, on the basic purpose, which consists in creation of a new word and

updating of the vocabulary , the indissoluble unity of a word-formation and

lexicon is shown. Besides the word-formation, having own sphere of

research, studies word-formation resources and processes conducting to

creation of word-formation models, and also condition of functioning and

filling the lasts.

As the adjectives of a colourmarking concern to the most ancient layer

of lexicon, at their analysis there was necessary to pay attention to the

facts of diachronic, and also to consider an originality of the given group

of words, which is allocated with the various symbolic. This circumstance

finds the reflection in formation of portable meanings which are included

in lexical-semantic structure of initial adjectives, and influences the

lexical filling of word-formation models their derivatives.

The study of lexical-semantic structures of colourmarking adjectives

has shown unusual connection of colour and noncolour meanings, variety of

their shades, the influence of the nonlanguage validity on semantics of a

word. It was established, that the contextual environment of colourmarking

adjectives has the large importance for the adequate description of their

lexical-semantic structures.

The word-formation model is closely connected to word-formation

paradigm. Each adjective has own paradigm having unequal extent and various

morpheme filling of models, included in it. On the basis of research of

each separate paradigm, it is possible to deduce the generalized word-

formation paradigm of the given group of words, which is characterized by

presence constant, basic, facultative and even “unique” participants, that

is shown in the limits of the language.

The word-formation can be made:

1) inside one part of speech: A+suf=A1

2) by a transposition: - A+suf=N,

- A+suf=V,

- A+suf=D,

- V+suf=N,

where A - initial adjective, suf - word-forming suffix, A1, N, V, D -

derivatives: adjective, noun, verb, adverb.

1. A+suf=A1.

The basic suffixes -ish, -y are the constant and obligatory members of

general word-formation paradigm, i.e. enter into the paradigm of each

adjective.

2.1 A+suf=N.

-ness is the conducting suffix here. The abstract nouns belong to this

model in the English language: blueness.

Other derivatives, in which formation the various suffixes take part,

are facultative, i.e. can be found in paradigm of one or two adjectives.

The presence of the facultative members depends on portable and minor

meanings which are included in lexical-semantic structure of initial

lexises. So in a derivative noun “blueism” one of meanings of the adjective

“blue” - "интеллектуальный", "ученый", "премудрый" etc. is realized, and

the suffix -ism introduces in the semantics of the derivative the

generalized meaning.

The portable meaning of an adjective “green” - "неопытный", "незрелый"

is shown in the appropriate derivatives – “greener, greenie” - carriers of

this quality. It is necessary to note, that paradigmatic lines can have

unequal extent because of the facultative members. “Green - greenness,

greenery, greenth, greenage, greener, greenie, greenlet, greening,

greenling”.

Speaking about the semantic of the derivatives it is necessary to note

that their polysemantic is in the direct dependence on character of lexical-

semantic structure of an initial basis. Depending on a context the suffix

noun “blueness “ one of the meanings of motivating adjectives realizes: «

синева, лазурь, синий цвет » (blue – “синий, голубой” -the actualizing of

the basic colour meaning), "синяк" ( the actualizing of minor meaning),

«ученость, премудрость, интеллектуальность» (blueism), "«непристойность"

(blue-joke - « неприличная, непристойная шутка » - the actualizing of

portable meaning).

The realization of the model A+suf=N is connected to redistribution

of semas and one-radical parts of speech in semantic structure. General-

categorical sema of that part of speech, in which the initial lexis was

transposed - here it is a sema of a subject inherent by a noun, become the

basic one. After it, semas, subordinated to it: abstract, concrete and

animate, follow, depending on character of a derivative noun. Only then

the general-categorical sema of an initial adjective - sema of an attribute

settles down.

2.2 A+suf=V.

The suffix verbs formed from colourmarking adjectives, carry

facultative character (redden, blacken, whiten) and differ by the ramified

lexical-semantic structure. Its size is defined not only because of

entrance simultaneously of semas of transitivity and intransitivity in it,

but also due to more various lexical semantics. The given model also is

characterized by redistribution of semas, which occurs at a verbal

transposition. The conducting place is occupied by a general-categorical

sema of verbs – the sema of process, and also semas, subordinated to it, of

transitivity and intransitivity. Only after them the sema of an attribute

inherent in initial adjectives, follows.

2.3 A+suf=D.

This model is submitted in the English language by a suffix -ly, and

the derivative adverbs are the constant members of the paradigm (bluely,

brownly, greenly, yellowly).

2.4 V+suf=N.

In the English language this model is submitted by suffix nouns formed

from verbs. To blue bluer « тот, кто воронит сталь ». The English deverbal

nouns with a suffix -ing are characterized by constant participation in

paradigm (blueing, browning, greening, redding, yellowing).

Besides the affix models, examining the word-formation opportunities

of colourmarking adjectives the important role is played by models of an

affixless wordmaking. They assume an obligatory transposition of parts of

speech. If the distinctive feature of an affix word-making is the presence

of a marker as a final word-forming suffix, then such marker is not present

at the affixless (implicit) word-making. Because of its complexity the

problem of an affixless word-making is examined from various points of

view, and the ways for its solution are planned:

1. The word-formation means of this way of a word-making come to

light;

2. The processes occurring at an affixless word-making, are

examined in connection with typological features of the language and its

morphological build;

3. The criteria for a synchronous establishment of a direction of

a derivation are developed;

4. Various methods of the analysis are applied, supplementing each

other.

Two basic models of an affixless word-making were allocated: A(N, A(

V.

The model A(N reflects the phenomenon of a substantivation.

The English language, where the category of a gender is absent,

aspires to include various meanings in one lexeme structure and to expand

volume of its lexical-semantic structure by that, at realization of this

model. An indispensable condition of functioning derivative, formed on the

given model, is the change of categorial semantics of a part of speech and

redistribution of semas in their semantic structure. Besides an obligatory

general-categorial sema of a noun -the sema of a subject, for the English

derivative lexeme the entry in its structure simultaneously of semas

abstract and concrete, animate and inanimateness etc. is peculiar, that is

the specific feature of the English language. In the English language, with

its analytical tendency, there is an aspiration to a full semantic filling

of a word.

The character of semantic shifts occurring at realization of this

model, can be explained with help of lexical-semantic structure, where

the meaning contains, which is modified in appropriate derivatives. The

nouns formed on this model, are included into the structure of various

phraseologies: out of blue - is "неожиданно". It shows the connection of

word-formation and phraseological systems of the language.

There is an interest in the cases when in a basis of phraseologies the

various colour associations lay: to fire into the brown - « стрелять мимо

цели, неметко ».

The comparison of models of an affix and affixless word-making shows,

that the distinctive attribute of the lasts is in their poly-semantic not

as in the appropriate suffix models , the most important feature is the

opportunity of being included in various phraseologies.

A(V. The typological feature of these verbs is that they include the

semas of transitivity and intransitivity in their lexical-semantic

structure and it expand the categorial semantic because of it.

The portable meanings of the colourmarking adjectives find their

reflections in the English verbs : to green « обманывать, мистифицировать

»( green « доверчивый, простодушный ».

The word addition has the wide circulation among the suffix and prefix

word-formation during the all extent of development of the language.

The number of questions are allocated from all of problems concerning

formation of complex words,: 1) the compatibility of the appropriate

colourmarking adjectives with other categories of words; 2) what element

of meaning, basic or portable, is realized there; 3) distribution of models

of complex words in the parts of speech; 4) feature of their structure and

functioning.

To typological criteria also belong: a) number of components forming a

new word; b) a way of the connection components:

· full complete;

· is incomplete combined;

· connection with the help of service words;

c) A type of the semantic connection between the components of a

complex word, which carries an attribute character in the examined models.

Complex nouns including the colourmarking adjective as one of the

components, makes out the lexical groups of words. The names of plants,

animal, minerals etc. concern to them. The complex words which in result

of metonym carry from a part on whole serve the name of an animal or plant

widely submitted among them : redbreast "малиновка". It, so-called,

"bahoovrihs". The group of words is also allocated, where the colourmarking

adjectives, combining with the name of clothes, form " bahoovrihs ", used

for calling the man: blue jacket "матрос". At the same time there is a

number of differences in еру realization of models of complex nouns and

their functioning. In the English language there are difficulties in the

differentiation of complex word from word combination. It is depend on

the nonexpressed morphological structure of the English word. Frequently

English language prefers word combinations: to look blue «выглядеть унылым

». Because of that the English language has a plenty of phraseological word

combinations including colourmarking adjectives : blue devils "хандра",

brown study « мрачное раздумье ». The increased

lexical-semantic structure with a metamorphosing of meanings is the

characteristic feature of the English complex word : blue-cap «круглая

плоская синяя шапочка (ее раньше носили в Шотландии)», «шотландцы», «лосось

первого года жизни», «синица», «василек», «сорт пива».

The basic type of a complex word is two-componented, the basic way of

connection of the components is full complete. The connection with the help

of a connecting element is not very typically for the English language.

The models of complex adjectives including colourmarking adjectives as

one of components, are present in the English language. As the basic part

of speech expressing colour shades, are the adjectives, the basic attention

is given to the appropriate complex adjectives. The English language,

besides complex words, aspires to use the word combinations, and also

derivative and radical lexemes: purple.

The formation of compound verbs on conversion is typical of the

English language: to bluestocking « быть синим чулком », to brownbag

(slang) « приносить в ресторан свою еду ». Last word is rather new, that

speaks about the role of the given tendency in a word-formation of the

English language, it is also possible the further word-making - brown –

bagger.

III. Practical part.

It is impossible to underestimate a role of studying of a word-

formation in an primary school. As the teaching of foreign language should

pass in complex, i.e. the studying English should include the basic

directions: grammar, phonetics and lexicon, the importance of studying of

word-formation aspect of lexicon becomes doubtless. The studying of

conversion, which because of the extreme productivity is one of conducting

ways of creation the new words in the English language, can become one of

the ways of updating of the child’s vocabulary . Here it should be noted

the importance of lexicon, in general, in studying of foreign language in

primary school. The lexicon should be acquired in system, therefore the

work above the child’s vocabulary should begin from the first day of

studying English and proceed during the all period of training, day-to-

day.

One of the basic principles of selection of lexicon in primary school

is the common use, i.e. the opportunity of the using in the colloquial

speech, hence, in the younger classes is not selected special lexicon as

the words for studying. The very small quantity of time is allocated for

acquaintance and training of that lexicon, which is not of a situation,

necessary for creation of a dialogue.

The plenty of time is allocated for studying of a word, acquaintance

with its meaning, its role in the sentence, in the system of language,

however items of information about its formation and opportunity of

formation new words from it are given, only if the speech goes about a word

formed suffix, seldom prefix, way of a word-formation. The words formed on

conversion, are simply showed, as two different parts of speech, that does

not give an opportunity to children itself to make words, basing on the

knowledge of this way of a word-formation. For comprehension of importance

of this aspect of language it is necessary to address to a psychological

linguistic nature of lexicon. You see in psychology the word is the complex

activator, for example, at perception and understanding of oral and written

speech, this complex speech action (at expression of thoughts). At

understanding of a word the acoustical and visual analyzers will be

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