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рефераты скачатьБиография Д.И. Менделеева

French chemist Shankurtua searched for law, having arranged elements on

the screw cutting put on worth cylinder. All is vain.

English chemist Njulends, the person, probably, the refined nature,

tensely searched for a solution with the help of music. It{he} trusted,

that those parities{ratio} which exist between elements, are similar to

parities{ratio} between musical tone and his{its} octave. construct the

system, it is artificial pushing in it{her} elements, them under those

sizes which itself and has prepared. The system was, but the system of

elements was not. it was necessary to go through minutes when chairman of

the British congress of scientists has asked it{him}, not hiding irony:

whether

Mendeleyev looked in the essence of the phenomena and did not try to

search for any external communication{connection} uniting all elements in

the base of a universe. It{he} tried to understand - that them connects and

that defines{determines} their properties. Mendeleyev has arranged elements

on increase of their nuclear weight and began to grope law between nuclear

weight and other chemical properties of elements. It{he} tried to

understand ability of elements to attach to itself(himself) atoms of

relatives or to give the.

It{He} has armed with lots of cards and has written on one party{side}

the name of an element, and on other - it nuclear weight and formulas of

his{its} some major connections. It{he} again and again shifted these

cards, stacking them on properties of elements. And in his{its}

consciousness any new laws emerged, and it{he} with the familiar excitement

previous to opening, cautiously moved ahead further and further. Hours

it{he} sat, having declined above the table, again and again peering into

records, and felt, how the head and as eyes were dimmed with a shivering

veil started to be turned from a pressure{voltage}...

Speak, that in dream to it{him} there has come inspiration and that at

night to it{him} as, in what order it is necessary to spread out those

cards that all has lain in the places under the law of the nature. Can be.

The brain of the person always is awake. But there was Mendeleyev to this

enlightenment years! It{he} moved ahead intelligently, beforehand planning

and expecting each next step. Can, and there was that inspiration, but

it{he} cannot be named casual.

Mendeleyev has found communication{connection} even between the most

unlike elements. It{he} has found out, that properties of elements if them

to place in ascending order nuclear weights, through correct intervals

repeat. Mendeleyev understood: accident it could not be. Then it{he} has

made last - deciding step: has arranged all elements also on groups, having

united in separate families of close relatives. It{he} so clearly saw

harmony of the system created by him{it}, that, having noticed absence of

an element between aluminium and the titan, has left to it{him} an empty

seat. Such empty cells{cages} it was necessary to leave two more.

Mendeleyev's system allowed it{him} to expect opening.

First of them has followed in four years. The element for which

Mendeleyev has left a place and properties which nuclear weight it{he} has

predicted, has suddenly appeared! Young French chemist Lekok has sent the

letter in the Parisian academy of sciences. In it{him} it was spoken: . But the most amazing still was necessary.

Mendeleyev has predicted, still leaving for this element a place, that

his{its} density should be 5,9. And asserted{approved}: the element open

by him{it} has density 4,7. Mendeleyev, and in eyes not seeing new it and

is more surprising than elements - themes, declares, that the French

chemist was mistaken in calculations. But also appeared : it{he} assured,

that was exact. This dispute resembled any game in which participated .

This magician carried Russian name.

Hardly later after additional measurements it was found out: Mendeleyev

was unconditionally right. The first element, filling an empty place in the

table, has named gallium in honour of the native land of France. And to

anybody then has not occurred to name it{him} of the person who has

predicted existence of this element, person who has once and for all

predetermined a way of development of chemistry. It was made by scientists

of the twentieth century. Mendeleyev's name carries an element open by the

Soviet physicists.

... And houses at him{it} all goes somehow inconsistently. To it{him}

it is lonely. It{he} for a long time already knows, that it{him} never

will understand. She{it} wants, that it{he} was the provisional family man

and all free time from teaching carried out{spent} together with it{her} in

village. And it{he} cannot. became for him{it} a stage in a life, and this

stage appeared already behind.

Mendeleyev for some months leaves for America - study local methods of

an oil recovery. America surprises it{him}: it{he} expected to see

something absolutely other. The first city of staff - New York. It{he} has

seemed to the great chemist simply ordinary-looking, reminding the big

district cities of Russia. The well-known petrocrafts? But it{he} anywhere

did not meet more thoughtless attitude{relation} to natural riches...

However, it{he} did not meet still much in a life, this large, hardly

the man with a fair-haired beard and long hair. To it{him} for forty, but

it{he} did not meet very important in a life that fills with its{her}

special, quivering sense. It{he} yet did not like.

They have got acquainted in the house of his{its} senior sister.

Her{it} called Anna, she{it} was a daughter of the Cossack colonel and so

did not resemble all girls whom it{he} met before... She{It} was harmonous,

slow, under dense black eyebrowes the big grey eyes shined, and a head

decorated long, heavy . She{it} has arrived to Petersburg to act{arrive} in

the Academy of arts, and has remained in this city for ever. She{it} has

found here of what is not courageous to dream and in the most courageous

dreams.

It{He} has fallen in love with it{her} as the boy. First it{he} at all

did not understand, that to it{him} occurs: near to it{her} it{he} felt

sharp attacks of loneliness. It was very similar to how the person, from

thirst in desert, near to a source feels tortures more sharply. It{he}

avoided her{it}, was hidden on the half of house, but should force to not

think in any way itself of it{her}.

Father of her{it}, having learned{having found out}, however coldly

she{it} has costed with the groom, disturbed, has gone to Petersburg here

again has learned{has found out} that all knew: his{its} daughter and

Mendeleyev like each other. However hopes at them any was not. divorce to

allow did not agree, and father Anna ordered to demand to it{her} from

Mendeleyev, that it{he} will not search with it{her} for meetings.

Mendeleyev promised.

But promised . It{he} simply could not constrain the word. It{him}

attracted in those places where as it{he} knew, it was possible to meet

her{it}. It{he} entered into a building of the Academy of arts and waited

for her{it}, being hidden for columns, disappearing in shadows of halls.

It{he} also behaves as the boy.

Father Anna undertakes one more step: it{he} sends the daughter for the

winter to Italy.

There was a frosty December, and Mendeleyev, looking in a window of the

car, compressed a hat in hands. It was foggy, and it seemed to it{him},

that they more never will meet...

She{It} has left, and it{he} wrote to it{her} the letter behind the

letter and lowered{omitted} them in a box attached to a table behind which

worked. In fact it{he} promised to not remind of itself(himself)...

Then it{he} accepted time to go to Algeria - on chemical congress.

His{its} friend

- Beketov, seeing hopeless despair with which Mendeleyev got ready for a

trip, has not born and has rushed off to in . On what it{he} expected,

knowing her{it}, it was not clear, however contrary to any reasonable logic

has managed to convince her{it} to give freedom to the husband. Having

secured with the consent to divorce, Beketov on wings has departed to

Petersburg and has hardly - hardly found Mendeleyev before departure for

quay.

The steamship has moored in Algeria, but Mendeleyev onboard was not.

It{he} was in Rome. Near it{her}.

From Rome - if only to remain together, they have rushed to Africa,

have come to be in Egypt, then - in Spain. And in Rome - so hastened - to

anybody have not said goodbye...

But up to full happiness it is still far. The church has imposed on

Mendeleyev's marriage{spoilage} - an interdiction, and it{he} seven years

had no right to marry. One year later the Kronstadt priest has broken this

interdiction and has married Dmitry Ivanovicha to Anna Ivanovnoj and for

other day in punishment has been deprived the dignity.

Such they had love. Difficult, beautiful, painful and happy. Mendeleyev

what it{he} touched in a life, was always given all - with passion, in a

mighty impulse. So it{he} liked, so destroyed enemies so worked - day by

day - all life.

Were at him{it} and hobby, but even they turned to the big, serious

business.

Successively Mendeleyev is a lot of years was engaged in research of

gases, he{it} had the most serious proceedings this theme. But it{he}

reflects and about the friend: And is farther: . In fact that is

surprising! About a tight gondola it{he} wrote for some tens years before

, the subjugator of a stratosphere, for the first time has constructed such

gondola. And the lowered device of a spacecraft on which Jury Gagarin came

back to the ground? The same idea. Idea of a tight cabin...

August, seventh, 1887 Mendeleyev has achieved the sanction together

with the pilot and one more researcher to rise on a sphere for supervision

of a full solar eclipse. Grey rainy day was, all sky is tightened{delayed}

by clouds, and a sphere filled with hydrogen, is lazy pulled cables.

His{its} assistant V.E.Tishchenko has approached to Mendeleyev and has

told: .

Mendeleyev has answered, and in this answer it{he} was all - and as the

scientist, and it is simple as the person: .

Together with pilot Mendeleyev through a board of a high basket and at

once has understood: the sphere will not lift even two. And it{he}

immediately decides to fly one. To think only: the person never earlier

flying on a sphere, dares to fly alone!

In flight it{he} is cool, all does{makes} , and having

finished{stopped} all supervision, the cord going from the final valve

finds out, that, has got confused and does not allow to open it{him}. Then

Mendeleyev gets out of a basket, climbs up on and untangles an ill-starred

cord...

Mendeleyev said goodbye to university in 1890, and it were the most

depressing days in his{its} life. It{he} left not at the will - and that it

was heavier this farewell. It{he} has got on a student's meeting, began to

convince all , to it{him} have not listened, then it{he} has suggested

students to write the requirements and has promised to inform this letter

up to minister of education. The word it{he} has constrained also the

student's petition has handed over minister. And that has soon returned the

letter accompanied with a note in which did not remain places of an

ambiguity: the one who will be in the service his{its} imperial majesty,

. Minister, probably, not quite

realized, to whom it{he} paid these words.

Mendeleyev did not begin to wait, while to it{him} will hint twice.

It{he} has submitted to resignation. The rector of university has not

accepted the application. Then Mendeleyev has simply taken and has put the

paper sheet combined twice in a pocket of the rector.

It{He} has read up a rate up to the end. Last lecture has read superb

though, probably, it dearly costed to it{him}. His{its} audience that day

has been filled, as never: to say goodbye to it{him} there came students

and others . Being afraid of excitements, in an audience have directed

group of gendarmes. Having seen them in a hall, Mendeleyev was

lowered{omitted} on a chair and, having put the big head on hands, has

silently begun to cry...

But it is far from being the end. It{he} has not surrendered. Still

worked more many. It{he} invents new, gunpowder which gets huge value for

military science and which recipe on a criminal negligence of the

government departures to America. Mendeleyev warned, that so can happen -

and happened. And in 1914 Russian military department has bought some

thousand tons of this gunpowder from the States. Americans, receiving gold

from the Russia which has entered war, did not hide, that it < gunpowder>.

Then it{he} becomes the scientific keeper of Depot of exemplary

measures and weights, conducts huge work on introduction of uniform metric

system, personally defines{determines} weight of the standard of pound in

grammes - with very big accuracy - up to the sixth sign after zero,

moreover at war with bureaucrats, beating out money for reconstruction and

expansion of a building. Then, it is visible, having given up as hopeless,

has planned cunning: has organized visiting the Board of Weights and

Measures by his{its} imperial highnes and before his{its} arrival ordered

to pull out from cellars any unnecessary devices, boxes and to place all

directly in corridors, on road, to create narrowness. Supervised over this

work (on memoirs of his{its} employee O.Ozarovskoj) assiduously: And in fact has excellent achieved, that wanted! Money

distances!

Such it{he} was the inventor who is were fond and at the same time such

constant. Has written somehow, already in an old age: . Yes, the talent is

many-sided. The genius - especially...

The genius? Having heard once as someone from his{its} pupils has made

it aloud, has become angry seriously, has waved hands and has shouted it is

quarrelsome: Is

not present, all the same the genius.

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