Биография Д.И. Менделеева

Северо-Кавказский Государственный Университет

Филиал в городе Георгиевске

ПРОЕКТ

По английскому языку

Выполнил

Брежнев Е. Ю.

Проверила

Катышева Л.И.

Г. Георгевск 2004

How many up to him{it} all variety of elements which have created the

surprising world around of the person and which make his{its} most essence

tried to result chemists in system...

How many people have staked for the sake of it the life. Many

understood, felt, that there should be such system - the law of the nature,

aspired to open it{him} is and it is vain. It{he} has constructed its{her}

one - periodic system of elements. System of elements of D.I.Mendeleyev.

It was the mighty person, because made him{it} under force only to the

giant. How it was possible to it{him}? Due to what? Due to the of

improbable force to talent, due to a fortress of spirit, due to confidence

that business of it{him} is necessary.

It{He} has appeared in Petersburg silently and imperceptibly, having

overcome on horses a long way from sleepy Tobolsk where it{he} was born, up

to noisy, talkative Moscow and magnificent city on Neva. And how in

unfamiliar big city this blue-eyed young man who is not having neither

notable relationship, nor rich parents differently could appear? Father of

it{him} was director of the Tobolsk grammar school - a post not the god a

message what profitable, and small glass which basically and began to feed

family after father, go blind, has been compelled to leave teaching, too

did not bring the big income. And nevertheless, when it{he} , it was the

big impact for Mendeleev. After all fourteen souls of one children...

Mitia was younger and, similar, the most favourite. In the childhood

it{he} possessed not too a sound health, and in damp Petersburg air and at

all to feel began itself unimportantly. Sometimes he{it} a throat had

blood, and doctors believed, that at him{it} last degree of a consumption

began. It{he} laid in clinic of pedagogical institute where it{he} studied,

when once during detour the main doctor, thinking, that Mendeleyev has

fallen asleep, has told to director:

And , having heard the verdict, sat on beds, has got writing-books

and has there and then plunged into records with lectures.

Institute friends have managed to arrange for Mendeleyev an audience at

court physician Zdekauera, and that, having heard it{him}, has delicately

advised to go on the south. To tell the truth, Zdecauer has given still

advice - seem simply so, just in case Piragavim.

And in Crimea at this time there was a war, and Pies, having rolled up

sleeves, operated since early morning and till the late evening. For days -

tens amputations. Mendeleyev many times saw it{him} from apart, but all did

not dare to approach to it{him}. Pies was more necessary.

Mendeleyev also could not think, that a kind of Simferopol, city, in

general, enough removed from a front line, can make on him{it} such heavy

impression. Restaurants worked, no, hospitals was a little, and around of

city tents with a red cross have crowded. And everywhere ...

Mendeleyev here knew nobody. Pies seem inaccessible. And the graduate

of the capital institute who has arrived on consultation to find to itself

put here, certainly, could not. And it{he} writes to the brother in the

letter:

But at last Mendeleyev before Проговым. The great doctor with

unexpected attentiveness examines so strange here the patient and... Grants

to it{him} a life! Mendeleyev has for ever remembered that has told to

it{him} of Pies: .

The inspired Mendeleyev is born{carried} to Odessa. With it{him} only

that on it{him}, yes is a little money, but all so is good, ahead has put -

tempting and interesting so much, now it is necessary to hasten, because

time lost in burdensome expectation, to not return any more.

To Odessa at Mendeleyev a direction. It{he} has received there a place

of the teacher of natural sciences, from him{it} there the small

laboratory, the first laboratory, and there and then, near at hand -

excellent library.

Here, in southern seaside city, it{he} starts to search - of what thought already for a long time and to that

it{he} will devote all life.

Half-year in Odessa, and Mendeleyev again in Petersburg. It{he} has

arrived not with empty hands: work which it{he} has brought - the most thin

and most laborious research on specific volumes. It actually his{its}

dissertation. She{it} gives it{him} the first scientific degree of the

master. The master of physics and chemistry. To Mendeleyev it was executed

then only twenty two years.

It was his{its} first big victory. But a victory, which pleasure has

saddened to mountain: favourite sister who has arrived together with

it{him} from Tobolsk has died. And now it{he} has remained in Petersburg

one. Sometimes it{him} pulls home - look on native places, to meet

relatives, but this dream even long decades will be dream. And only on a

slope of years, already world famous scientist, coming back from

expedition{dispatch}, it{he} will make a hook to see Tobolsk. It will be

short returning, but full of disappointments.

And in October of the same year when it{he} became the master.

Mendeleyev has struck all friends: it{he} has protected the second

dissertation. Of course - a case ! Scientists have not without hesitation

accepted Mendeleyev's second work though it and was the serious

contribution to chemistry . But too all this was unusual...

And then young Mendeleyev on the post carriage which was rolled quickly

with the four of horses, goes in the first business trip - through Warsaw -

further, to the well-known Heidelberg, in laboratory of the patriarch .

Mendeleyev trusted, that the days which have been lead{which have been

carried out} to laboratories of the Heidelberg university, near to the

glorified chemist, to it{him} will be useful, but it{he} was mistaken.

Bunzer, borrowed{occupied} with the experiences, has met the young Russian

colleague politely, but it is constrained. And in laboratory where to

Mendeleyev have allocated a place, there was all as it is impossible more

inconsistently: in narrowness students crowded, there was no utensils,

reactants. Mendeleyev has immediately understood, that here it{he} only

will waste time. With a kind of the deepest regret has told Bunzeru, that

it{he} is unhealthy, has thanked for so hospitable hospitality and has

there and then moved down from a university apartment. And soon again in a

way. This time - to Paris, to Celerony - to that Caleroni, better which

nobody could do{make} chemical devices and tools. Most exact of all exact

weights because others did not suit his{its} work were necessary for

Mendeleyev.

It{He} has returned to Heidelberg where has removed{has taken off} tiny

under laboratory and where it{he} was waited already with the concerned

letter of the trustee of the Petersburg educational district - it is

visible, messages on trick with have reached.

Mendeleyev has answered: .

It did not hasten home - and not because did not wish to see the city,

already for a long time becoming to it{him} native. It{he} did not hasten

because in Heidelberg to it{him} was well worked, it{he} felt like free,

independent. And consequently still, that here it{he} has found new

friends.

Ivan Setchenov, Alexander Borodin, Dmitry Mendeleyev - they were then

are young, their names did not sound yet so loudly, but each of them was

already known for the works. All three excitedly were engaged in chemistry.

Mendeleyev tried to comprehend essence of the phenomena occuring at a level

considerably more thin, rather than molecular, and has opened temperature

of absolute boiling. Setchenov has penetrated into chemistry of gas

exchange in living tissues, and the author of with ecstasy

pottered with test tubes and flasks and by then was the author of several

large printed works in chemistry.

To Troy great Russian. Small . They worked not hands, and in

the evenings converged for is expected, shared everything, that has

collected for a day. Hardly later, when to them has joined Methnicov, they

swore, that if from them in a life it will be difficult for somebody,

everyone will gather to come to the aid. They have constrained this oath.

... And in Heidelberg they had happy time. In work all was got on - and

consequently the mood was fine, and they had a rest too selflessly.

frequently sat down a grand piano, and that all time went in the next small

town to listen to the well-known body.

Together with Borodinym Mendeleyev quite often went to mountains. That

them attracted... Unless it is possible to tell about it? They liked to go

upwards on difficult road, clinging for stones, sometimes in a dirty and

in a snow. And without it in a life something lacked. As well Dmitry

Ivanovich itself has written about it - to the girlfriend of sister Olga,

the future wife. As it{him} pulled then to and as much later it{he} will

be ready to give everything, everything if only to leave it{her}. As well

it{he} has written to it{her}:

Friends united not only predilection for chemistry - they were in many

respects similar - with identical passion were given work, and by

something, with a head were immersed in new business. It was to tell the

truth, shown at them differently. Mendeleyev all was given passion and did

not cool down, while in it{him} the spark decayed even. It{he} did not

undertake something another, was not convinced yet that here it{he} has

learned{has found out} and has taken all. It{he} was sincerely pleased the

affinity with as counted his{its} unusually talented person and thanked

destiny that she{it} has reduced them.

And was similar to noisy, sparkling fireworks which it{he} is skilful

to prepare and prepared always , with love. It{he} perfectly painted in

oils and drew, is skilful to mould and engrave - not speaking that it{he}

played on many tools, - was the chemist and the composer. And how to know,

whether from this friendship with went then hobby for art. Probably, all

the same many-sided nature - it really inevitable display of the big

talent. The person, great really, probably, cannot enclose all force and

all talent in one channel. A life, as if being afraid to lose invaluable

particles of human talent, does not allow it{him} to make it.

And in Petersburg Mendeleyev suddenly feels sharp pleasure of

returning. It{he} has understood, that all years missed this city. Now

it{he} not one here: sister Olga has returned. Together with the husband

decembrist Basarginym she{it} was in the long Siberian reference. Here, in

its{her} house, Mendeleyev even more often meets with - she{it} is

pleasant to it{him}, but it{he} badly knows women and is not confident that

is necessary to follow advice{council} of the sister and to marry. It{he}

wants to find out - whether they can with understand each other, but every

time perplexed stops: no, it is visible, has not stuck to hasten, hurry

destiny. Let all develops how is, without any efforts.

It{He} trusts, that so it will be better. Then suddenly inflow of

despair - it{he} doubts of itself, in the and writes the letter. No, not

the letter, and cry from the heart is born{carried} to the sister to Moscow

(her{it} have carried away for the period of an affair). And that answers:

And it{he} concedes.

And in fact that is strange: it{he} was the person with strong

character, is skilful to stand for itself and God forbid to someone it{him}

to offend, and here suddenly it{he} has conceded. From what? It{he} knew,

that has been in love only, instead of liked. And married. To it{him} it

was not indifferent? Probably, no. But it{he} trusted, that if has left ,

for it{her} it would become valid impact. And it{he} could not reconcile to

it. It{he} is not skilful to hurt anothers.

In three years at the son was born. Dmitry Ivanovich together with the

friend the professor Iljinym buys from the ruined prince small , nearby to

Klin, moves there and with starts to be engaged in an agriculture.

However, the hobby it was not casual: Mendeleyev for a long time missed

the nature.

In it is good it{him}. It{he} walked much, exploited, strove on the

skilled field, and in the evenings quite often met herd going from a

pasture. It{he} very much loved all this. But business not only in it.

Experiences which it{he} puts, serve one purpose. His{its} science should

to people concrete advantage{benefit}. Here, in , it{he} brings up in

itself(himself) other attitude{relation} to business: work of the scientist

should not be outside of communication{connection} with practice. And right

at the end of the life it{he} will recollect these days and will write

about experiences: ., it appears, when it{he}

started to think of the future.

For now still it{he} walked with the son on glades, with boyish passion

played on a lawn in a croquet, pottered on a current, collected just the

bought thresher. Also it was visible, that here, in , it{he} feels like

itself(himself), freely and happily.

So thought, looking at him{it}, his{its} wife. She{it} thought, that so

will be always, that Dmitry Ivanovich has understood, at last, where and in

what his{its} happiness. From one only these ideas the wave of silent

pleasure overflew her{it}.

But she{it} was mistaken. In its{her} husband the great scientist at

that time ripened. It{he} did not think of it. She{it} simply did not

understand it.

And again Petersburg. The idea on chemical affinity of elements which

has come within students, again excited it{him}. It{he} has been absolutely

firmly convinced, that by all means should exist certain law - imperous,

relentless which defines{determines} this affinity or distinction of the

elements occupying the world.

How many up to him{it} was attempt - naive, far-fetched - find this

law, obeying it{him} to place all elements on harmonous system... At that

time chemists have opened and 64 elements, knew their

nuclear weights so the material for work already was. There was no only a

person who would manage to penetrate into this secret laying as it seemed,

somewhere nearby and nevertheless inaccessible.

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