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3

Niaea?aeaiea

No?.

Aaaaeaiea

Aeaaa I. Iiiyoea athaeaeaoiiai aeaoeoeeoa: eiioeaiooaeueiua

iiaeoiaeu

1.1. Aeaoeoeeo ainoaea?noaaiiiai athaeaeaoa

1.2. O?e eiioeaioeee athaeaeaoiie iieeoeee

Aeaaa II. Athaeaeaoiue aeaoeoeeo e ainoaea?noaaiiue aeiea

Aeaaa III. Oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao e aai aeaoeoeeo a ?inneeneie

Oaaea?aoeee

3.1. Athaeaeaoiia ono?ienoai e athaeaeaoiue i?ioeann a

?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee ia nia?aiaiiii yoaia

3.2. Aiaeec aeeiaieee athaeaeaoiiai aeaoeoeeoa a ia?eiae

1995 aaaono 1997

3.3. Iniiaiua oaiaeaioeee e i?iaiicu ia 1998 aiae

Caeeth/aiea

Eeoa?aoo?a3

5

5

8

12

16

16

21

28

35

36

E? IC 060400EcEenoIiaei.Aeaoa?ac?aa.A?eaeiaaa I.A.

Aeaoeoeeo ainoaea?noaaiiiai athaeaeaoaEeoa?aEenoEenoiaI?ia.Iyaeiaa
A.TH.37Eiinoeueo.Iyaeiaa A.TH.

IOE NoAOO, OE-961Ooa.

Aaaaeaiea.

Ino?ue yeiiiie/aneee e?ecen, n eioi?ui noieeioeenue iiiaea no?aiu a
ia/aea 80-o aiaeia, iio?aaiaae ia?ano?ieee ainoaea?noaaiiiai
?aaoee?iaaiey yeiiiieee, ia?aoiaea e ?acaeoeth ?uii/iuo ioiioaiee.
Iniiaiuie iai?aaeaieyie yeiiiie/aneeo ?aoi?i a ?innee noaee
i?eaaoecaoeey (ia?aoiae ainoaea?noaaiiiai eiouanoaa a /anoiua ?oee),
eeaa?aeecaoeey oeai, oeiainiaay noaaeeecaoeey (ai?ueaa n eioeyoeeae,
oe?aieaiea eo?na iaoeeiiaeueiie aaethou).

Ei?ie iiiaeo naaiaeiyoieo i?iaeai a ?innee (niaaea i?iecaiaenoaa,
eioeyoeee, iaonoie/eainoe ?oaey, e?ecena iaieaoaaeae) ooiaeyo a
nouanoaiaaaooth ?aiaa oeaio?aeeciaaiioth nenoaio oicyenoaiaaiey e aa
ianeaaeea - iiiiiieeci e oaoie/aneoth ionoaeinoue.

Ethaay ?uii/iay yeiiiieea i?aaeiieaaaao iaee/ea ?acaeoie oeiainiaie
nenoaiu, i?aaenoaaeythuae niaie niaieoiiinoue oeiainiauo ioiioaiee e
?aaoee?othueo eo einoeoooia. Oeiainiaue iaoaieci caieiaao iaeii ec
aaaeiaeoeo iano a no?oeoo?a ethaiai ainoaea?noaa. *a?ac iaai
ainoaea?noai e i?aaei?eyoey ia?acotho e eniieuecotho oiiaeu aeaiaaeiuo
n?aaenoa, eioi?ua iaiaoiaeeiu aeey eo aeayoaeueiinoe.

Iaeiie ec aeaaiuo i?e/ei nio?aiythuaainy oyaeaeiai yeiiiie/aneiai
iieiaeaiey a iaoae no?aia yaeyaony ionoonoaea nouanoaaiiuo iiceoeaiuo
naeaeaia a no?oeoo?a naiie yeiiiieee. A ia?aoth i/a?aaeue yoi io?aaeaao
iaaeinoaoi/ioth yooaeoeaiinoue i?iaiaeeiie iieeoeee oeiainiaie
noaaeeecaoeee ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa. A ?inneeneie yeiiiieee
eaoano?ioe/anee ia oaaoaao aeaiaa. Iaaeinoaoi/iinoue aeaiaa yaeyaony
i?e/eiie ieceie niae?aaiinoe iaeiaia, e?ecena ieaoaaeae, ianniauo
caaea?aeae n auieaoie ca?aaioiie ieaou. Iiyoiio a iineaaeiaa a?aiy
aanueia ?ani?ino?aiaiiie noaea oi/ea c?aiey, niaeanii eioi?ie iiaue
aeoie e?ecena a no?aia iauyniyaony eiaiii iaoaaoeie aeaiaa a
yeiiiie/aneii iai?ioa.

Athaeaeaoiue aeaoeoeeo ia naaiaeiyoiee aeaiue yaeyaony aeooaeueiaeoae
i?iaeaiie ?inneeneie yeiiiieee, iioiio /oi ei?ie anao yeiiiie/aneeo
i?iaeai aaaeoo eiaiii e iaio. Ia naaiaeiyoiee aeaiue aeaoeoeeo
ainoaea?noaaiiiai athaeaeaoa a ?innee auoiaeeo aeaeaei ca ?aiee
iieaciiai e oai aieaa aeiionoeiiai.

A eeoa?aoo?a yoa i?iaeaia inaauaaony aeinoaoi/ii iiae?iaii, aea yoi e
iaoaeeaeoaeueii. Oioy neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi yeiiiienou a aieueoeinoaa
naiai iuoathony i?iaiaeece?iaaoue ia naio i?iaeaio athaeaeaoiiai
aeaoeoeeoa, a aa i?e/eiu. Auneacuaaaony iiiaeanoai ?acee/iuo oi/ae
c?aiey e ?aeiiaiaeaoeee ii iiaiaeo iooae aa ?aoaiey.

Iniiaiay o?oaeiinoue i?e ?aaioa iaae oaiie caeeth/aaony a oii, /oiau
nenoaiaoece?iaaoue e iaiaueoue eiathueany naaaeaiey, aeaoue ii
aiciiaeiinoe aieaa oi/iua aeaiiua, auyaeoue aeaenoaeoaeueiia ninoiyiea
?inneeneiai ainoaea?noaaiiiai athaeaeaoa e iiaeiyoue i?iaeaiu aai
aeaoeoeeoa. A yoii e caeeth/aaony iniiaiay eaeay aeaiiie ?aaiou.

Aeaaa I. Eiioeaiooaeueiua iiaeoiaeu e athaeaeaoiiio aeaoeoeeoo

1.1. Aeaoeoeeo ainoaea?noaaiiiai athaeaeaoa

Oeaio?aeueiia ianoi a oeiainiaie nenoaia ethaiai ainoaea?noaa caieiaao
ainoaea?noaaiiue athaeaeao - naiue e?oiiue aeaiaaeiue oiiae, eioi?ue
eniieuecoao i?aaeoaeuenoai aeey oeiaine?iaaiey naiae aeayoaeueiinoe. Ca
n/ao ainoaea?noaaiiiai athaeaeaoa niaea?aeaony a?iey, iieeoeey,
cia/eoaeueiay /anoue cae?aaiio?aiaiey, e, /oi naiia aeaaiia, n aai
iiiiuueth ainoaea?noai ieacuaaao aicaeaenoaea ia yeiiiie/aneea
i?ioeannu.

A neeo naiaai iniaiai iieiaeaiey ainoaea?noaaiiue athaeaeao
acaeiiaeaenoaoao n ae?oaeie caaiueyie oeiainiaie nenoaiu, ieacuaay ei
i?e iaiaoiaeeiinoe iiiiuue. Iia i?iecaiaeeony, eae i?aaeei, iooai
ia?aaea/e aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa ec oeaio?aeueiiai ainoaea?noaaiiiai oiiaea
ioieoeeiaeueiui oeiainiaui oiiaeai, oiiaeai ainoaea?noaaiiuo
i?aaei?eyoee e niaoeeaeueiui i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiui oiiaeai.

Ainoaea?noaaiiue athaeaeao ninoieo ec aeaoo acaeiinaycaiiuo e
acaeiiaeiiieiythueo ae?oa ae?oaa /anoae: aeioiaeiie e ?anoiaeiie.
Aeioiaeiay /anoue iieacuaaao, ioeoaea iinooiatho aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa
aeey oeiaine?iaaiey aeayoaeueiinoe ainoaea?noaa, eaeea neie iauanoaa
io/eneytho ia niaea?aeaiea ainoaea?noaa aieueoa anaai ec naieo
aeioiaeia. ?anoiaeiay /anoue iieacuaaao, ia eaeea oeaee iai?aaeythony
aeeoioee?oaiua ainoaea?noaii n?aaenoaa.

A eaaeaeie no?aia no?oeoo?a athaeaeaoa eiaao naie iniaaiiinoe. Iia
ii?aaeaeyaony yeiiiie/aneei iioaioeeaeii no?aiu, ianooaaiinoueth caaea/,
?aoaaiuo ainoaea?noaii ia aeaiiii yoaia ?acaeoey, ?ieueth ainoaea?noaa a
yeiiiieea, ninoiyieai iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo ioiioaiee e ?yaeii ae?oaeo
oaeoi?ia.

Enoi/ieeaie ainoaea?noaaiiiai (oeaio?aeueiiai) athaeaeaoa yaeythony:

n i?yiua e einaaiiua iaeiae. A aeioiaeao ainoaea?noaa iie ninoaaeytho
io 80 aei 90% Nia?aiaiiay yeiiiieea: iauaaeinooiiue o/aaiue eo?n. -
?inoia-ia-Aeiio: ecae-ai Oaieen,1996. n.58.. Naiuie e?oiiuie ec ieo
yaeythony - iiaeioiaeiue iaeia, iaeia ia i?eaueue ei?ii?aoeee e iaeia ia
aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue;

n ainoaea?noaaiiua caeiu. Inouanoaeythony iie n iiiiuueth auionea e
?aaeecaoeee ainoaea?noaaiiuo oeaiiuo aoiaa (iaeeaaoeee e eacia/aeneeo
aaenaeae). Eo aeiey a ainoaea?noaaiiii athaeaeaoa ninoaaeyao io 10 aei
20%11 Nia?aiaiiay yeiiiieea: iauaaeinooiiue o/aaiue eo?n. -
?inoia-ia-Aeiio: ecae-ai Oaieen,1996. n.58.;

n yienney (auione) aoiaaeiuo e e?aaeeoiuo aeaiaa. E yoiio enoi/ieeo
i?aaeoaeuenoaa i?eaaaatho a oii neo/aa, anee ?aniieaaaaiuie aeioiaeaie
iaeuecy iaania/eoue oeiaine?iaaiea i?iecaiaeeiuo ?anoiaeia, o. a. a
oneiaeyo i?aauoaiey ?anoiaeia iaae aeioiaeaie.

Eaaeaeia i?aaeoaeuenoai a naiae aeayoaeueiinoe no?aieony e oiio, /oiau
aeioiaeiay /anoue athaeaeaoa ?aaiyeanue ?anoiaeiie. Niioaaonoaea eo
iacuaaaony aaeainii aeioiaea.

A ?aaeueiie aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe ?anoiaeiay /anoue, eae i?aaeei, i?aauoaao
aeioiaeioth. Oaeia ninoiyiea athaeaeaoa iacuaaaony athaeaeaoiui
aeaoeoeeoii. Aai aicieeiiaaiea iaoneiaeeaaaony iiiaeie i?e/eiaie, n?aaee
eioi?uo iiaeii auaeaeeoue neaaeothuea: niaae iauanoaaiiiai
i?iecaiaenoaa, caauoaiiua ?anoiaeu ia ?aaeecaoeee i?eiyouo nioeeaeueiuo
i?ia?aii, aic?inoea cao?aou ia iai?iio, ?ino oaiaaiai naeoi?a yeiiiieee,
?ino i?aaeaeueiuo ecaea?aeae iauanoaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa, ianniaue
auione ionouo aeaiaa. Iniaia cia/aiea ec ieo eiatho niaae i?iecaiaenoaa
e ?ino oaiaaiai naeoi?a yeiiiieee. Iaee/ea yoeo i?e/ei i?eaiaeeo e
oiaiueoaieth iaeiaiaie aacu. A ia?aii neo/aa i?ienoiaeeo nie?auaiea
i?iecaiaenoaa, oiaiueoaaony iieo/aaiay i?eaueue, e neaaeiaaoaeueii,
oiaiueoathony iinooieaiey a athaeaeao. A ?acoeueoaoa ieai iinooieaiey a
athaeaeao ia auiieiyaony. Ai aoi?ii neo/aa i?aaei?eyoey aiiaua
ia?anoatho ieaoeoue iaeiae. Aaaeue oaiaaay yeiiiieea ioee/aaony io
iau/iie (eaaaeueiie) eeoue oai, /oi oe?iu e i?aaei?eyoey, aeaenoaothuea
a iae, ieaaea ia ?aaeno?e?othony e, neaaeiaaoaeueii, ieeaeeo iaeiaia ia
ieaoyo. Ainoaea?noaaiiua i?aaiu eo ia aeaeyo, iie iaoiaeyony a oaie.

Nai ii naaa aeaoeoeeo athaeaeaoa ia iiaeao auoue /ai-oi /?acau/aeii
iaaaoeaiui aeey ?acaeoey yeiiiieee e aeeiaieee aeeciaiiiai o?iaiy
ianaeaiey. Aeaaea naiua yeiiiie/anee ?acaeoua no?aiu a e?eoe/aneea
ia?eiaeu, eae i?aaeei, eiatho aeaoeoeeoiue athaeaeao io 10 aei 30%11
Nia?aiaiiay yeiiiieea: iauaaeinooiiue o/aaiue eo?n. - ?inoia-ia-Aeiio:
ecae-ai Oaieen,1996. n.58.. Ana caaeneo io i?e/ei aai aicieeiiaaiey e
iai?aaeaiee ?anoiaeia ainoaea?noaaiiuo aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa. Anee
oeiainiaua n?aaenoaa, ninoaaeythuea i?aauoaiea ?anoiaeia iaae
aeioiaeaie, iai?aaeythony ia ?acaeoea yeiiiieee, eniieuecothony aeey
?acaeoey i?ei?eoaoiuo io?aneae, o. a. eniieuecothony yooaeoeaii, oi a
aoaeouai ?ino i?iecaiaenoaa e i?eauee a ieo n eeoaie aicianoyo
i?iecaaaeaiiua cao?aou e iauanoai a oeaeii io oaeiai aeaoeoeeoa oieueei
auea?aao. Anee aea i?aaeoaeuenoai ia eiaao /aoeie i?ia?aiiu
yeiiiie/aneiai ?acaeoey, a i?aauoaiea ?anoiaeia iaae aeioiaeaie
aeiioneaao n oeaeueth eaoaiey oeiainiauo aeu?, noaneaee?iaaiey
ia?aioaaaeueiiai i?iecaiaenoaa, oi athaeaeaoiue aeaoeoeeo iaecaaaeii
i?eaaaeao e ?inoo io?eoeaoaeueiuo iiiaioia a ?acaeoee yeiiiieee, aeaaiui
ec eioi?uo yaeyaony oneeaiea eioeyoeeiiiuo i?ioeannia.

A yeiiiie/aneeo nenoaiao n oeene?iaaiiui eiee/anoaii aeaiaa a ia?auaiee
i?aaeoaeuenoai ?aniieaaaao aeaoiy o?aaeeoeeiiiuie niiniaaie iie?uoey
aeaoeoeeoa athaeaeaoa - yoi ainoaea?noaaiiua caeiu e oaeanoi/aiey
iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey. Ii anoue e o?aoee niinia, i?aaeoniao?eaathuee
oaaee/aiea aeaiaaeiie iannu a ia?auaiee, - yoi nianoaaiiia i?iecaiaenoai
aeaiaa, eee naiuei?aae (ia/aoaiuea aeaiaa).

Iaeiaei naiuei?aae naaiaeiy ia i?eieiaao oi?io i?inoiai ia/aoaiey aeaiaa
(yoi neeoeii yaii naycaii n oneeaieai eioeyoeee). A ianoiyuaa a?aiy yoio
i?ioeann ?aaeecoaony iin?aaenoaii nicaeaiey ?aca?aia eiiia?/aneeo
aaieia. Neaaeoao caiaoeoue, /oi yoe iia?aoeee aeieaeiu eiaoue
iacia/eoaeueiue ?acia?, oiaaea iniai iaaoaiuo iineaaenoaee iie ia ianoo.
Ii, anee i?aaeoaeuenoai /?acia?ii iieaaaaony ia iaoaieci naiuei?aaea eae
n?aaenoai iieaou naieo ?anoiaeia, oi eiee/anoai aeaiaa, iaoiaeyueony a
ia?auaiee, aoaeao ?anoe neeoeii auno?i (a niioaaonoaee n
ioeueoeieeeaoi?ii aeaiaaeiiai i?aaeeiaeaiey), ii?iaeaeay oai naiui ?ino
eioeyoeee. Eacaeinue au, ecaaaeaoue yoeo io?eoeaoaeueiuo iineaaenoaee
eaaei: O?N iiaeao ioeacaoueny io iieoiee eacia/aeneeo aaenaeae e oai
naiui ia iiiiaaoue Eacia/aenoao. Iaeiaei i?aeoeea iieacuaaao, /oi i?e
aeinoeaeaiee athaeaeaoiui aeaoeoeeoii ii?aaeaeaiiiai e?eoe/aneiai
o?iaiy, aai aeaeueiaeoee ?ino i?eieiaao ac?uaiiianiue oa?aeoa?, e
ieeaeea ia?u oeneaeueiie iieeoeee oaea ia niiniaiu inoaiiaeoue yoio
i?ioeann.

Athaeaeaoiue aeaoeoeeo, ianiiiaiii, ioiineony e oae iacuaaaiui
io?eoeaoaeueiui yeiiiie/aneei eaoaai?eyi, oeia eioeyoeee, e?ecena,
aac?aaioeoeu, aaie?ionoaa, eioi?ua, iaeiaei, yaeythony iaiouaieaiuie
yeaiaioaie yeiiiie/aneie nenoaiu. Aieaa oiai, aac ieo yeiiiie/aneay
nenoaia oo?a/eaaao niiniaiinoue e naiiaeaeaeaieth e iinooiaoaeueiiio
?acaeoeth.

Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi aacaeaoeoeeoiinoue athaeaeaoa aua ia icia/aao
caei?iauey yeiiiieee. Iaaei /aoei i?aaenoaaeyoue naaa, eaeea i?ioeannu
i?ioaeatho aioo?e naiie oeiainiaie nenoaiu, eaeea eciaiaiey
aini?iecaiaenoaaiiiai oeeeea io?aaeaao aeaoeoeeo athaeaeaoa.

1.2. O?e eiioeaioeee athaeaeaoiie iieeoeee

Ia?aay eiioeaioeey aace?oaony ia oii, /oi athaeaeao aeieaeai auoue
aaeaaiaeii naaeaine?iaai. Aei Aaeeeie aeai?annee 30-o aiaeia aaeaaiaeii
aaeaine?oaiue athaeaeao iauai?eciaiii n/eoaeny aeaeaiiie oeaeueth
ainoaea?noaaiiuo oeiainia e oeiainiaie iieeoeee. Iaeiaei i?e aieaa
ouaoaeueiii ?anniio?aiee yoie i?iaeaiu noaiiaeony i/aaeaeiui, /oi
aaeaaiaeii aaeaine?oaiue athaeaeao a iniiaiii eneeth/aao eee a
cia/eoaeueiie noaiaie oiaiueoaao yooaeoeaiinoue oeneaeueiie iieeoeee
ainoaea?noaa, eiathuae aioeoeeeee/aneoth, noaaeeece?othuoth
iai?aaeaiiinoue. Ooaea oiai, aaeaaiaeii aaeaine?oaiue athaeaeao ia naiii
aeaea oaeoaeyao eieaaaiey yeiiiie/aneiai oeeeea. Iai?eia?, aeiionoei,
/oi yeiiiieea noaeeeaaaony n aeeeoaeueiui ia?eiaeii aac?aaioeoeu.
Aeioiaeu ianaeaiey iaaeatho. Iaeiaiaua iinooieaiey a athaeaeao
aaoiiaoe/anee nie?auathony. No?aiynue iai?aiaiii naaeaine?iaaoue
athaeaeao, i?aaeoaeuenoai aeieaeii eeai iiauneoue noaaee iaeiaia, eeai
nie?aoeoue ainoaea?noaaiiua ?anoiaeu, eeai eniieueciaaoue ni/aoaiea yoeo
aeaoo ia?. Iaeiaei neaaenoaeai anao yoeo ia?ii?eyoee aoaeao aua aieueoaa
nie?auaiea niaieoiiiai ni?ina.

Ia ae?oaii i?eia?a iiaeii iieacaoue eae no?aieaiea aaeaaiaeii
aaeaine?iaaoue athaeaeao iiaeao noeioee?iaaoue eioeyoeeth. A oneiaeyo
eioeyoeee, i?e iiauoaiee aeaiaaeiuo aeioiaeia aaoiiaoe/anee
oaaee/eaathony iaeiaiaua iinooieaiey. Aeey i?aaeioa?auaiey i?aaenoiyuaai
i?aauoaiey aeioiaeia iaae ?anoiaeaie i?aaeoaeuenoai aeieaeii i?eiyoue
neaaeothuea ia?u: eeai nieceoue noaaee iaeiaia, eeai oaaee/eoue
i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiua ?anoiaeu, eeai eniieueciaaoue ni/aoaiea yoeo aeaoo
ia?. ssnii, /oi neaaenoaeai yoeo ia? aoaeao oneeaiea eioeyoeeiiiiai
aeaaeaiey a yeiiiieea.

Iniiaiie auaiae ynai: aaeaaiaeii aaeaine?oaiue athaeaeao ia yaeyaony
yeiiiie/anee iaeo?aeueiui. Ianiio?y ia yoo e ae?oaea i?iaeaiu, ai iiiaeo
no?aiao nouanoaoao cia/eoaeueiay iiaeaea?aeea eaeae i?eiyoey
eiinoeoooeeiiiie iii?aaee, i?aaeoniao?eaathuae aaeaaiaeiia
aaeaine?iaaiea athaeaeaoa.

Aoi?ay eiioeaioeey aace?oaony ia oii, /oi athaeaeao aeieaeai auoue
naaeaine?iaai a oiaea yeiiiie/aneiai oeeeea, a ia ca eaaeaeue aiae.
Aeaiiay eiioeaioeey i?aaeiieaaaao, /oi i?aaeoaeuenoai inouanoaeyao
aioeoeeeee/aneia aicaeaenoaea e iaeiia?aiaiii no?aieony naaeaine?iaaoue
athaeaeao. A yoii neo/aa, iaeiaei, athaeaeao ia aeieaeai
aaeaine?iaaoueny aaeaaiaeii. Aeinoaoi/ii, /oiau ii aue naaeaine?iaai a
oiaea yeiiiie/aneiai oeeeea. Eiae/aneia iainiiaaiea yoie eiioeaioeee
athaeaeaoiie iieeoeee i?inoi, ?acoiii e i?eaeaeaoaeueii. Aeey oiai,
/oiau i?ioeainoiyoue niaaeo, i?aaeoaeuenoai aeieaeii nieceoue iaeiae e
oaaee/eoue i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiua ?anoiaeu, oai naiui niciaoaeueii aucuaaao
aeaoeoeeo athaeaeaoa. A oiaea iineaaeothuaai eioeyoeeiiiiai iiaeuaia
i?aaeoaeuenoai iiauoaao iaeiae e i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiua ?anoiaeu.
Aicieeathuaa ia yoie iniiaa iieiaeeoaeueiia naeueaei athaeaeaoa iiaeao
auoue eniieueciaaii ia iie?uoea oaaea?aeueiiai aeieaa, aicieeoaai a
ia?eiae niaaea. Oaeei ia?acii i?aaeoaeuenoai i?iaiaeeo iiceoeaioth
aioeoeeeee/aneoth iieeoeeo e iaeiia?aiaiii aaeaine?oao athaeaeao, ii ia
ia aaeaaiaeiie iniiaa, a ca ia?eiae a ianeieueei eao. Ii a aeaiiie
eiioeaioeee athaeaeaoa nouanoaoao eeth/aaay i?iaeaia, eioi?ay ninoieo a
oii, /oi niaaeu e iiaeuaiu a yeiiiie/aneii oeeeea iiaoo auoue
iaiaeeiaeiauie ii aeoaeia e i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe. Iai?eia?, aeeeoaeueiue
e aeoaieee niaae iiaeao niaieoueny ei?ioeei ia?eiaeii iiaeuaia.
Iiyaeaiea aieueoiai aeaoeoeeoa a ia?eiae niaaea a yoii neo/aa ia
iie?iaony iaaieueoei iieiaeeoaeueiui naeueaei athaeaeaoa ia?eiaea
i?ioeaaoaiey, neaaeiaaoaeueii, aoaeao eiaoue ianoi oeeeee/aneee
aeaoeoeeo athaeaeaoa.

O?aouey eiioeaioeey naycaia n eaeaae oae iacuaaaiuo ooieoeeiiaeueiuo
oeiainia. A niioaaonoaee n yoie eaeaae aii?in i naaeaine?iaaiiinoe
athaeaeaoa - ia aaeaaiaeiie eee ia oeeeee/aneie iniiaa - aoi?inoaiaiiue.
Ia?aiia/aeueiie oeaeueth oaaea?aeueiuo oeiainia yaeyaony iaania/aiea ia
eioeyoeeiiiie iieiie caiyoinoe, oi anoue aaeaine?iaaiea yeiiiieee, a ia
athaeaeaoa. Anee aeinoeaeaiea yoie oeaee nii?iaiaeaeaaony onoie/eaui
iieiaeeoaeueiui naeueaei eee aieueoei e ana aic?anoathuei
ainoaea?noaaiiui aeieaii - ionoue aoaeao oae. A niioaaonoaee n aeaiiie
eiioeaioeeae i?iaeaiu, naycaiiua n ainoaea?noaaiiuie aeaoeoeeoaie eee
eceeoeaie, iaeicia/eiu a n?aaiaiee n aunoae noaiaie iaaeaeaoaeueiuie
aeueoa?iaoeaaie i?iaeieaeeoaeueiuo niaaeia eee onoie/eaie eioeyoeee.
Oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao yaeyaony - ai ia?auo e i?aaeaea anaai -
eino?oiaioii aeinoeaeaiey e iiaeaea?aeaiey iae?iyeiiiie/aneie
noaaeeueiinoe. I?aaeoaeuenoai ia aeieaeii niiiaaaoueny, eaey ia aaaeaiea
ethauo aeaoeoeeoia eee eceeoeia aeey aeinoeaeaiey yoie oeaee.

Aoi?ay e o?aouey eiioeaioeee eaaeao a iniiaa oeiainiaie iieeoeee,
i?eaioe?iaaiiie ia athaeaeaoiue aeaoeoeeo e iie?athuaeny ia iioaioeeae
aeaiaaeiiai oicyenoaa no?aiu. Oaeay iieeoeea i?aaeiieaaaao:

n iaee/ea /aoeie i?ia?aiiu oeiainiauo ia?ii?eyoee a ?aieao aeaiaaeiiai
iioaioeeaea no?aiu;

n eiio?ieue ca ?acaeoeai athaeaeaoiiai aeaoeoeeoa e iiene enoi/ieeia
aai iie?uoey;

n auaeaeaiea athaeaeaoiuo n?aaenoa ia ia?ii?eyoey, aeathuea
cia/eoaeueiue yeiiiie/aneee yooaeo.

Iaeaaeaiea yoie iieeoeeie iicaieyao iauanoao iaoiaeeoue iioeiaeueioth
aaee/eio athaeaeaoiiai aeaoeoeeoa. Oae, a eiioea 80-o aiaeia
athaeaeaoiue aeaoeoeeo ai O?aioeee ninoaaeye 9,6% io AII, a NOA - 11,6,
a O?A - 14, a ssiiiee - 15,6, a Aaeueaee - 25,1, a Eoaeee - 25,2, a
A?aoeee - 31,2%.11 Eaiaaa A. Ae. e eieeaeoea aaoi?ia. O/aaiee ii iniiaai
yeiiiie/aneie oai?ee (yeiiiieea). - I.: AEAAeIN, 1994. - n.59.

Iaeiaei i?e anae i?eaeaeaoaeueiinoe iieeoeee athaeaeaoiiai aeaoeoeeoa,
e?oiiua aeaoeoeeou i?eaiaeyo e cia/eoaeueiui io?eoeaoaeueiui
iineaaenoaeyi aeaaea aeey aiaaouo a yeiiiie/aneii ioiioaiee no?ai. Oae,
aia?eeaineay yeiiiieea aeeeoaeueiua aiaeu ooieoeeiie?iaaea a oneiaeyo
onoie/eaiai aeaoeoeeoa oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa. Ii e na?aaeeia 90-o
aiaeia aeaoeoeeo oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa i?eia?ae iniai e?oiiua
ianooaau, /oi canoaaeei i?aaeoaeuenoai ecuneeaaoue aeaenoaaiiua
n?aaenoaa ai?ueau n iei.

*oi aea eanaaony ?inneeneie athaeaeaoiie iieeoeee, oi iia aeeeoaeueiia
a?aiy aace?iaaeanue ia ia?aie eiioeaioeee. O?aaiaaiea aacaeaoeoeeoiinoe
athaeaeaoa yaeyeinue aeueoie e iiaaie iaoaai yeiiiie/aneiai ?acaeoey.

Aeaaa II. Athaeaeaoiue aeaoeoeeo e ainoaea?noaaiiue aeiea

Iaoeeiiaeueiue, eee ainoaea?noaaiiue, aeiea - yoi iauay iaeiieaiiay
noiia anao iieiaeeoaeueiuo naeueaei athaeaeaoia oaaea?aeueiiai
i?aaeoaeuenoaa ca au/aoii anao aeaoeoeeoia, eioi?ua eiaee ianoi a
no?aia. ?acee/atho aiaoiee e aioo?aiiee ainoaea?noaaiiue aeiea.

Aiaoiee ainoaea?noaaiiue aeiea - yoi aeiea eiino?aiiui ainoaea?noaai,
i?aaiecaoeeyi e ioaeaeueiui eeoeai. Aioo?aiiee aeiea - yoi aeiea
ainoaea?noaa naiaio ianaeaieth.

Athaeaeaoiue aeaoeoeeo e ainoaea?noaaiiue aeiea oanii naycaiu, oae eae,
ai-ia?auo, ainoaea?noaaiiue caei - aaaeiaeoee enoi/iee iie?uoey
athaeaeaoiiai aeaoeoeeoa; ai-aoi?uo, ii?aaeaeeoue, ianeieueei iianai oio
eee eiie ?acia? aeaoeoeeoa athaeaeaoa, iaaiciiaeii aac aiaeeca aaee/eiu
ainoaea?noaaiiiai aeieaa. N ae?oaie noi?iiu, aeey ioeaiee aaee/eiu
ainoaea?noaaiiiai aeieaa iaiaoiaeeii enneaaeiaaiea ?inoa athaeaeaoiiai
aeaoeoeeoa. Eiaiii iiyoiio a yoie ?aaioa neaaeoao iinayoeoue oeaeoth
aeaao aeaiiiio aii?ino.

Ainoaea?noaaiiue aeiea e aai ?ino neeueii aeeytho ia ooieoeeiie?iaaiea
yeiiiieee. A yoii ieaia aeaeyony aeaa iianiinoe: aiciiaeiinoue
aaie?ionoaa iaoeee e iianiinoue ia?aeiaeaiey aeieaiaiai a?aiaie ia
aoaeouea iieieaiey. A ianoiyuaa a?aiy ainoaea?noaaiiue aeiea caieiaao
iniaia ianoi n?aaee aieaauo i?iaeai nia?aiaiiie athaeaeaoiie iieeoeee
?innee.

Nouanoaotho eiie?aoiua o?aaiaaiey iauayeiiiie/aneiai oa?aeoa?a ii
ii?aaeaeaieth no?oeoo?u athaeaeaoiuo ?anoiaeia: iaiaoiaeeiay ioaea/a
iaoa?eaeueiiai e nioeeaeueiiai oa?aeoa?a. Ia neo/aeii a aieueoeinoaa
aaaeoueo no?ai i?eiyoi aeaeaiea ?anoiaeiie /anoe oeaio?aeueiuo
athaeaeaoia ia athaeaeaou oaeoueo ?anoiaeia e athaeaeaou ?acaeoey.
?anoiaeu ?inneeneiai oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa a oa/aiee iineaaeieo eao
iinyo onoie/eaue oeneaeueiue oa?aeoa?, e ii-aeaeeiiio yoa oaiaeaioeey
nio?aieoueny e a yoii aiaeo.

I?aaeoaeuenoai enoiaeeo ec oiai, /oi aeaeueiaeoaa nie?auaiea
athaeaeaoiuo ?anoiaeia ia oaaea?aeueiii o?iaia i?aeoe/anee iaaiciiaeii.
Iiyoiio athaeaeaoiay iieeoeea i?eaioe?oaony a iniiaiii ia iiauoaiea
iauaia caeinoaiaaiee aeey iie?uoey aeaoeoeeoa oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa
e oaaee/aiea aai aeioiaeiuo enoi/ieeia.

Oaa?aiiinoue I?aaeoaeuenoaa a oii, /oi iaoaieci ?anoiaeiaaiey
athaeaeaoiuo n?aaenoa ia oaaea?aeueiii o?iaia aeinoaoi/ii ioeaaeai,
ianoi?aaeeaaao. Oae eae naaiaeiy athaeaeaoiia oeiaine?iaaiea iano?iaii,
aeaaiui ia?acii, ia eaoaiea aeu?, a ia ia no?oeoo?ioth ia?ano?ieeo
yeiiiieee. O?aaieoaeueiia ?ani?aaeaeaiea athaeaeaoiuo ?ano?nia ia
oieueei ii?iaeaeaao eaeaeeaai/anoai, ii e i?eaiaeeo e iayooaeoeaiiio
eniieueciaaieth neoaeiuo ainoaea?noaaiiuo n?aaenoa. Iineieueeo ioaea/a
yoeo aeiaeaiee /?acau/aeii iaea, ?anoiaeiaaiea athaeaeaoiuo n?aaenoa
iia?aaeaao iinooieaiea aeioiaeia, /oi aaaeao e ?inoo athaeaeaoiiai
aeaoeoeeoa, aucuaaao iio?aaiinoue a aeiiieieoaeueiie, ia
i?aaeoniio?aiiie Caeiiii i athaeaeaoa yiennee aeaiaaeiuo no??iaaoia, a
naith i/a?aaeue, yoi a cia/eoaeueiie ia?a naiaeeo ia iao oneeey
I?aaeoaeuenoaa ii i?iaaaeaieth aeanoeie oeiainiaie iieeoeee.

Iiaeiaiay iieeoeea a iaeanoe athaeaeaoiuo ?anoiaeia, eioi?oth
I?aaeoaeuenoai i?iaiaeeo oaea i?aeoe/anee aeaa aiaea, i?eaaea e oiio,
/oi i?iaeaia ainoaea?noaaiiiai aeieaa ana aieaa ino?i aeaao i naaa
ciaoue. Ia neo/aeii iaeaieaa nouanoaaiiui a Caeiia I athaeaeaoa yaeyaony
?ino ?anoiaeia ii noaouea Ianeoaeeaa-iea ainoaea?noaaiiiai aeieaa.
Iiauoaiea ?anoiaeia naycaii n iaiaoiaeeiinoueth auiieiaiey iaycaoaeuenoa
?innee ia?aae eiino?aiiuie e ?inneeneeie th?eaee/aneeie eeoeaie ii
iaania/aieth iiaaoaiey i?aaeuaeoueo caeinoaiaaiee e iaania/aieai
?aca?ae?iaaiey niioaaonoaothueo ?ano?nia n o/aoii iineaaeothueo n?ieia
iiaaoaiey. Ii n?aaiaieth n o?iaiai i?ioeiai aiaea oaaee/aiea ?anoiaeia
ia ianeoaeeaaiea ainoaea?noaaiiiai aeieaa (eae aioo?aiiaai oae e
aiaoiaai) ninoaaeyao ii/oe 40% (n 58 143,8 aei 78 323,4 ie?ae. ?oa.11
Oaaea?aeueiue Caeii I oaaea?aeueiii athaeaeaoa ia 1997 aiae //
?inneeneay aacaoa. - 1997. - 4 ia?oa ).

Ii aeaiiui Ieienoa?noaa oeiainia ?O, iauee iauai ainoaea?noaaiiiai
aioo?aiiaai aeieaa ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee ia 1 yiaa?y 1995 aiaea aue
?aaai 191,6 o?ei. ?oaeae. I?e yoii caaeieaeaiiinoue Ieienoa?noaa
Oeiainia ia?aae Oeaio?aeueiui aaieii ?innee ninoaaeea 97,1 o?ei. ?oaeae,
eee 5,9% AAI e 50,5% iauae noiiu ainoaea?noaaiiiai aioo?aiiaai aeieaa
(i?e 66,7 o?ei. ?oaeae ia 1 yiaa?y 1995 aiaea)11 Iiaeii?eia E. I i?iaeoa
oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa ia 1997 aiae. // Yeiiiieno. - 1996. - ?11. -
n.22

. A yoie noiia iaeaieueoee oaeaeueiue aan i?eoiaeeony ia
caaeieaeaiiinoue ii e?aaeeoai. Ia 1 yiaa?y 1997 aiaea iauay noiia
aioo?aiiaai ainoaea?noaaiiiai aeieaa oaea ninoaaeea 326,0 o?ei. ?oaeae22
Oai aea. n.22.. Caaeieaeaiiinoue Ieienoa?noaa oeiainia ?innee ia?aae
Oeaio?aeueiui aaieii ?innee ii ainoaea?noaaiiui oeaiiui aoiaaai a iauae
noiia aai caaeieaeaiiinoe a 1996 aiaeo ninoaaeea 34,95 o?ei. ?oaeae, eee
36%, e aic?inea ii n?aaiaieth n 1 yiaa?y 1995 aiaea ia 27,9 o?ei.
?oaeae33 Oai aea. n.22.. Yoi auei naycaii n i?iaaaeaieai OeA iia?aoeee
ia ioe?uoii ?uiea a ?aieao ooaa?aeaeaiiie aeaiaaeiie i?ia?aiiu. Iieoiay
ainoaea?noaaiiua iaycaoaeuenoaa, Oeaio?aeueiue aaie nicaeaao aaco aeey
iineaaeothuae aeaiiceoii-/aeiaie yiennee eiiia?/aneeo aaieia, /oi
iaiin?aaenoaaiii aaaeao e oaaee/aieth iannu ia?auathueony aeaiaa.
?aoeiaine?iaaiea iaeiieaiiie ainoaea?noaaiiie caaeieaeaiiinoe, e
eioi?iio iaecaaaeii aoaeao auioaeaeaii i?eaaaaoue I?aaeoaeuenoai a
oa/aiee anaai 1995 aiaea, icia/aao, /oi iioaioeeaeueiua iaycaoaeuenoaa,
auaeaiiua ei a 1994 aiaeo, aeieaeiu aoaeoo i?aa?aoeoueny a ?aaeueiua
ieaoaaee, i?eaiaeyuea e ?inoo aeaeeiiai oaaea?aeueiiai aeieaa naa?o
iaeeaeaaiiai athaeaeaoiiai aeaoeoeeoa. E?iia oiai, a ninoaaa
ainoaea?noaaiiiai aioo?aiiaai aeieaa ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee /eneeoueny
caaeieaeaiiinoue Ieioeia ia?aae eiiia?/aneeie aaieaie, aeeth/ay
Naa?aaaoaeueiue aaie e Aiaoyeiiiiaaie.

A oneiaeyo aeinoaoi/ii ?aceiai iaaeaiey aeioiaeia oaaea?aeueiiai
athaeaeaoa Ieienoa?noai oeiainia i?eaaaaao e ana aieaa aeoeaiie
yeniainee oeiainiaiai ?uiea ca n/ao auionea ainoaea?noaaiiuo iaeeaaoeee
aeey iie?uoey athaeaeaoiiai aeaoeoeeoa. Yoa oaiaeaioeey iaaethaeaaony e
a athaeaeaoiuo i?iaeoe?iaeao ia oaeouee oeiainiaue aiae. Iineieueeo
aiciiaeiinoue oaaee/aiey oeiainiauo ?ano?nia a no?aia i?aeoe/anee
en/a?iaia, oi aeia?o?ioe?iaaiiue ?uiie oeaiiuo aoiaa, ianeoaeeaathueo
ainoaea?noaaiiue aeiea, aaaeao ia oieueei e aicieeiiaaieth e?eceniuo
yaeaiee, iiauoathueo noaiaiue ?enea anaai ?uiea, ii e e noaeaieth
ae?oaeo oeiainiauo naeoi?ia e eo ineaaeaieth, a /anoiinoe yoi eanaaony
e?aaeeoiiai e aaethoiiai ?uieia.

Ianeoaeeaaiea aiaoiaai aeieaa oaeaea noaei aanueia na?ueaciie i?iaeaiie
aeey ?inneeneiai athaeaeaoa. A athaeaeaoa 1996 aiaea ia auieaoo aeieaia
auei i?aaeoniio?aii 8,5 ie?ae. aeieea?ia, ec eioi?uo i?eia?ii iieiaeia
iioea ia ianeoaeeaaiea aeieaia ?innee, acyouo iinea 1991 aiaea e ia
iiaeeaaeaueo ?ano?oeoo?ecaoeee. Yoe ?anoiaeu i?aauoatho ?acia?u
eiino?aiiuo /anoiuo eaieoaeia e aiaoiayeiiiie/aneie iiiiue, eioi?oth
?inney iieo/aao io eiino?aiiuo aaieia e iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo oeiainiauo
i?aaiecaoeee.

Nouanoaaiiie i?iaeaiie aeey athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu noaiiaeony oaeaea
i?aeoe/anee iaoi?aaeyaiue e iaeiio?iee?oaiue ?ino iauaiia iaeeaaoeeiiiuo
caeiia noauaeoia Oaaea?aoeee. Iineaaenoaey yoiai iiaoo i?aacieoe
aiaeiae/iua oaiaeaioeee ?inoa AEI, iineieueeo oa??eoi?eaeueiua caeiu
auioneathony a iniiaiii iiae caeia eiouanoaa e caiee.

?anoiaeu ia iiaaoaiea e ianeoaeeaaiea ainoaea?noaaiiiai aeieaa
oa?aeoa?ecothony neaaeothueie aeaiiuie: a 1994 aiaeo iie ninoaaeee 5,6%
a iauaia athaeaeaoiuo ?anoiaeia, a 1995 aiaeo - 9,2%, a 1996 aiaeo -
13%, a a 1997 aiaeo a niioaaonoaee n Caeiiii I oaaea?aeueiii athaeaeaoa
ia 1997 aiae iie ninoaaeee 14,8%11 Iiaeii?eia E. I i?iaeoa
oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa ia 1997 aiae. // Yeiiiieno. - 1996. - ?11. -
n.22

. Yoe iieacaoaee iaaeyaeii aeaiiino?e?otho, /oi i?ienoiaeeo oaei?iaeaiea
ainoaea?noaaiiiai aeieaa e oaaee/aiea aeiee athaeaeaoiuo n?aaenoa,
iai?aaeyaiuo ia aai ianeoaeeaaiea, a neaaeiaaoaeueii, nie?auaiea
nioeeaeueiuo e eiaanoeoeeiiiuo i?ia?aii, oeiaine?oaiuo ca n/ao
athaeaeaoiuo n?aaenoa. A oaeie neooaoeee neaaeoao ia oieueei aanueia
inoi?iaeii iiaeoiaeeoue e i?eaea/aieth iiauo caeiia, ii e iai?aaeoue
cia/eoaeueiua oneeey ia oaaee/aiea n?ieia ia?auaiey ainoaea?noaaiiuo
oeaiiuo aoiaa, ?aaoee?iaaiea eo aeioiaeiinoe e nieaeaiea noaaee
?aoeiaine?iaaiey.

Aeaaa III. Oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao e aai aeaoeoeeo a ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee

3.1. Athaeaeaoiia ono?ienoai e athaeaeaoiue i?ioeann

a ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee ia nia?aiaiiii yoaia

A iniiaiii (ia?ae/iii) aeoa athaeaeaoiiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee - Caeiia ?NON? Ia iniiaao athaeaeaoiiai ono?ienoaa e
athaeaeaoiiai i?ioeanna a ?NON? io 10 ieoya?y 1991 aiaea, a ia?aa?aoa 1,
noaouea 1 aiai?eoueny, /oi athaeaeao naaiaeiy - yoi oi?ia ia?aciaaiey e
?anoiaeiaaiey aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa aeey iaania/aiey ooieoeee
ainoaea?noaa, noauaeoia Oaaea?aoeee e ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey. Niaeanii
Eiinoeoooeee ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee ?anioaeeeaineee athaeaeao ?NON?
eiaioaony oaia?ue oaaea?aeueiui athaeaeaoii ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee. A
naith i/a?aaeue any athaeaeaoiay nenoaia ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee, eae e
ai anao oaaea?aoeaiuo ainoaea?noaao, ninoieo ec o?ao caaiueaa:

n oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao;

n athaeaeaou noauaeoia Oaaea?aoeee;

n ianoiua athaeaeaou.

Athaeaeaoiay nenoaia ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee ninoieo ec athaeaeaoia
?acee/iuo oi?i nianoaaiiinoe. Oae, oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao e athaeaeaou
noauaeoia ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee yaeythony nianoaaiiinoueth
ainoaea?noaaiiie (niioaaonoaaiii nianoaaiiinoueth ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee
e eaaeaeiai noauaeoa), a ianoiua athaeaeaou iauaeoii ioieoeeiaeueiie
nianoaaiiinoe.

Iaiouaieaiie /anoueth athaeaeaoiiai i?ioeanna a ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee
yaeyaony athaeaeaoiia ?aaoee?iaaiea, caeeth/athuaany a oii, /oi ec
aeioiaeia auoanoiyueo athaeaeaoia ia?aaeathony athaeaeaoai ieaeanoiyuei
aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa n oeaeueth naaeaine?iaaiey aeioiaeia e ?anoiaeia
athaeaeaoia eaaeaeiai o?iaiy.

Oaeaea neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi athaeaeaoii-oeiainiaay iieeoeea ?innee
aeeth/aao iaeiaiaoth iieeoeeo. Iia oaycuaaaony n athaeaeaoii-oeiainiaie
iaeiaiaie iieeoeeie ?anioaeee, iaoeeiiaeueii-ainoaea?noaaiiuo e
aaeieieno?aoeaii-oa??eoi?eaeueiuo ia?aciaaiee, a oaeaea n
aeaiaaeii-e?aaeeoiie, oeaiiaie e aaethoiie iieeoeeie ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee.

Ia/eiay n 1990 aiaea ninoiyiea oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa ia/aei
e?eoe/anee oooaeoaoueny. Aeaoeoeeo ?inneeneiai oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa
e nae/an eiaao iinoiyiioth oaiaeaioeeth e ?inoo (n 4% io AII a 1990
aiaeo ii oaaee/eeny aei 12 -14% a iineaaeothuea aiaeu11 Eaiaaa A. Ae. e
eieeaeoea aaoi?ia. O/aaiee ii iniiaai yeiiiie/aneie oai?ee (yeiiiieea).
- I.: AEAAeIN, 1994. - n.276

). Ianaaeaine?iaaiiinoue ainoaea?noaaiiuo ?anoiaeia e aeioiaeia naycaia,
a iniiaiii, n iaaeaieai iauaiia i?iecaiaenoaa (iai?eia?, oieueei a
ia?aii eaa?oaea 1993 aiaea ii n?aaiaieth n oai aea ia?eiaeii 1992 aiaea
i?iecaaaeaiiue iaoeeiiaeueiue aeioiae nie?aoeeny ia 19%22 Eaiaaa A. Ae.
e eieeaeoea aaoi?ia. O/aaiee ii iniiaai yeiiiie/aneie oai?ee
(yeiiiieea). - I.: AEAAeIN, 1994. - n.276) e aai yooaeoeaiinoe,
oaaee/aieai ?anoiaeia ia nioeeaeueiua i?ia?aiiu e n ?anoe?aieai
?acee/iuo nioeeaeueiuo eueaio, a oaeaea n ianiaa?oainoaii iaeiaiaie
nenoaiu, iicaieythuae iaeiaiieaoaeueueeai ecuneeaaoue eacaeee aeey
oeeiiaiey io oieaou iaeiaia.

I?e n?aaiaiee oa?aeoa?a i?iaiaeeiie a iineaaeiea aiaeu athaeaeaoiie e
aeaiaaeii-e?aaeeoiie iieeoeee a o?ao a?oiiao no?ai: ?acaeouo,
?acaeaathueony, no?aiao n ia?aoiaeiie yeiiiieeie, a oaeaea a ?innee
(oaaeeoea 1) iao?oaeii oaeaeaoue, /oi cia/aiey athaeaeaoiiai aeaoeoeeoa,
oaiiia i?e?inoa aeaiaaeiie iannu e eioeyoeee a ?innee auee nouanoaaiii
auoa, /ai a ethaie ae?oaie a?oiia no?ai. Oaeei ia?acii, aaaeiaeoae
iniaaiiinoueth ?inneeneie yeiiiie/aneie iieeoeee 1992-1996 aiaeia
yaeyeanue aa eceeoiyy iyaeinoue, aeaaea ii n?aaiaieth ni n?aaeieie
iieacaoaeyie a?oiiu no?ai n ia?aoiaeiie yeiiiieeie.

Aeaeeii, iaoaeeaeoaeueii e oi, /oi a no?aiao, i?iaiaeeaoeo aieaa
ia?aie/eoaeueioth iieeoeeo oaiiu i?e?inoa AAI ieacuaathony, eae i?aaeei,
auoa, a a no?aiao, i?eaea?aeeaathueony yeniaineiienoneie iieeoeee -
ieaea. I?e cia/eoaeueiii athaeaeaoiii aeaoeoeeoa, aunieeo oaiiao
i?e?inoa aeaiaaeiie iannu e eioeyoeee oaiiu i?e?inoa AAI noaiiayony
io?eoeaoaeueiuie. Iiyoiio, anee iiiuoaoueny noi?ioee?iaaoue
caeiiiia?iinoue, naycuaathuoth oa?aeoa? i?iaiaeeiie yeiiiie/aneie
iieeoeee n oaiiaie yeiiiie/aneiai ?inoa, oi iia, nei?aa, aoaeao eiaoue
neaaeothuee aeae: i?iaaaeaiea aieaa aeanoeie athaeaeaoiie e
aeaiaaeii-e?aaeeoiie iieeoeee, eae i?aaeei, niinianoaoao iiauoaieth
oaiiia yeiiiie/aneiai ?inoa, a oi a?aiy eae inouanoaeaiea aieaa iyaeie
athaeaeaoiie e aeaiaaeii-e?aaeeoiie iieeoeee aaaeao e eo nieaeaieth.

Oaaeeoea 111 A. Eeea?eiiia. Oai?ey aeaiaaeiiai aeaoeoeeoa eae io?aaeaiea
ieaoaaeiiai e?ecena a ?inneeneie yeiiiieea // Aii?inu yeiiiieee. - 1996.
- ?12. - n.40

Iieacaoaee aeanoeinoe (iyaeinoe) athaeaeaoiie e aeaiaaeiie iieeoeee

a 1992 - 1996 aiaeao.

Iieacaoaee?acaeaathuea-ny no?aiu?acaeoua no?aiuNo?aiu n ia?aoiaeiie
yeiiiieeie?inney1992-1996 aa.*1996a.1992-1996 aa.*1996a.1992-1996
aa.*1996a.1992-1996 aa.*1996a.Aeaoeoeeo athaeaeaoa a % e AAI -
2,5 - 2,1 - 2,9 - 3,0 - 7,0
- 2,9 - 12,0 - 13,1Oaiiu
i?e?inoa47,617,93,54,4193,728,2283,7 53,6 Iia?aaeaiea oaiiia
i?e?inoa ?aaeueiiai AAI, % 41,4 11,6 1,6
2,4 197,8 23,9 292,9
59,6Oaiiu eioeyoeee, %31,712,62,42,3223,414,9685,331,6Ni?aai/ii:
oaiiu i?e?inoa ?aaeueiiai AAI, % 6,2 6,3
1,9 2,0 - 4,1 4,3
- 9,2 - 6,0 * A n?aaeiai ca ia?eiae

Enoi/iee: ?an/aou IYA ii aeaiiui IAO, Aineiinoaoa ?O e OeA?

Ia naaiaeiyoiee aeaiue oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao ?O ieacaeny a e?eoe/aneii
ninoiyiee, i?aaeaea anaai ii eniieiaieth aai aeioiaeiie /anoe. Iauai
iaeiaiauo iinooieaiee e iiya?th 1996 aiaea ninoaaee 57,7% athaeaeaoiuo
i?iaeoe?iaie11 A. No?iaa. Ei??aeoe?iaea yeiiiie/aneeo ?aoi?i e
?ac?aaioea iiaie eiioeaioeee athaeaeaoiie iieeoeee // Aii?inu yeiiiieee.
- 1997. - ?1. - n.77. Caeii ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee I oaaea?aeueiii
athaeaeaoa ia 1997 aiae ninoaaeai a ?an/aoa ia neaaeothuea
iae?iyeiiiie/aneea ia?aiao?u: iauai AAI i?aaeiieaaaaony auoue a noiia
2727,0 o?ei. ?oa. (?ino AAI ia o?iaia 101% aai aaee/eiu a 1996 aiaeo),
i?e yoii iaeeaeaaony ?aei?aeii ieceay ca iineaaeiea aiaeu eioeyoeey -
0,8% a ianyoe e ?ino aaethoiiai eo?na ?oaey ia o?iaia 4 - 5%, /oi a
?aaeueiii au?aaeaiee aeieaeii ninoaaeoue 5560 ?oa. ca aeieea? NOA a
n?aaeiai ca aiae22 Iiaeii?eia E. I i?iaeoa oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa ia
1997 aiae. // Yeiiiieno. - 1996. - ?11. - n.15.

Eia/a aiai?y, I?aaeoaeuenoai aiiaue i?eaioe?oaony ia iioeienoe/aneee
i?iaiic ?acaeoey yeiiiieee no?aiu a 1997 aiaeo. A ii?aaeaeaiiie noaiaie
ii ni- ioaaonoaoao iaeioi?ui oaiaeaioeeyi iineaaeieo ianyoeaa 1996
aiaea. A /anoiinoe, yoi eanaaony nie?auaiey oaiiia eioeyoeee, eioi?ia a
iaa i?ioeiai aiaea ninoaaeei 1,6%, a ethea - 0,7%. Oaeoe/aneee oaii
eioeyoeee a ethea ?aaai 1,2%33 Oai aea. n. 15.. E?iia oiai,
iaaethaeaaony ii?aaeaeaiiay noaaeeecaoeey iaiaiiiai eo?na ?oaey. Iaeiaei
iaiaoiaeeii eiaoue a aeaeo, /oi yoe i?ioeannu i?ioaeatho ia oiia
nie?auaiey iauaiia aaeiaiai aioo?aiiaai i?iaeoeoa e i?iiuoeaiiiai
i?iecaiaenoaa, caiaaeeaiey nei?inoe ia?auaiey aeaiaa, oooaeoaiey
oeiainiaiai ninoiyiey i?aaei?eyoee. Ia nieceeenue oaeaea i?ioeaioiua
noaaee aei o?iaiy, iaania/eaathuaai aeinooiiinoue e?aaeeoia aeey
eiaanoe?iaaiey ?aaeueiiai naeoi?a eae iaiaoiaeeiiai oneiaey aeey auoiaea
ec aeai?annee e ia/aea iaeeaeaiey yeiiiieee.

A ?acoeueoaoa ca ia?aia iieoaiaeea i?ioeiai aiaea iauai AAI oiaiueoeeny
(a niiinoaaeiuo oeaiao) ii n?aaiaieth n niioaaonoaothuei ia?eiaeii 1995
aiaea ia 5% (a oi a?aiy eae i?iaiicii iaia/aeny aai ?ino), a iauai
i?iiuoeaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa ia 4%44 Oai aea. n. 15.. I?e yoii a iaa -
ethia 1996 aiaea noaoenoeea caoeene?iaaea aic?anoaiea oaiiia
i?iiuoeaiiiai niaaea ii ioiioaieth e i?aaeuaeouaio aiaeo.

Nia?aiaiiay neooaoeey a noa?a ainoaea?noaaiiuo oeiainia naaiaeiy a
?innee oa?aeoa?ecoaony i?aaeaea anaai oaiaeaioeeyie ia?anoaiey
athaeaeaoiiai e?ecena. Iniiaiua i?aaeiinueee athaeaeaoiiai e?ecena a
?innee auee caeiaeaiu a enoiaeiie iiaeaee yeiiiie/aneeo ?aoi?i aua a
1991 aiaeo e iinoaiaiii ana aieaa /aoei i?iyaeyeenue /a?ac athaeaeaoioth
nenoaio ii ia?a ia?anoaiey iauaai yeiiiie/aneiai e?ecena.

Athaeaeaoiue aeaoeoeeo - yoi noiia i?aauoaiey ?anoiaeia oaaea?aeueiiai

i?aaeoaeuenoaa iaae aai aeioiaeaie a eaaeaeue aeaiiue aiae.

Yeiiiie/aneee e?ecen, eioi?ui oa?aeoa?ecoaony naaiaeiyoiaa ninoiyiea
?inneeneie yeiiiieee, aeaoi?ie?oao nenoaio iaeiaia, athaeaeaoia. A nayce
n ?aaeueiie neooaoeeae, neiaeeaoaeny a yeiiiieea ia naaiaeiyoiee aeaiue,
ana ?annoaeaeaiey e i?aaeeiaeaiey i oi?ioea athaeaeaoiiai ono?ienoaa,
iioeiaeueiie iaeiaiaie nenoaia e iiauoaiee aa noeioee?othuae ?iee
iaecaaaeii aoaeoo iineoue e iinyo aano?aeoiue, oiic?eoaeueiue,
aanii/aaiiue oa?aeoa?.

Nieaeaiea aaeaiany/iuo oaiiia eioeyoeee ia oiia nie?auaiey iauaiia AAI e
i?iiuoeaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa, oooaeoaiey oeiainiaiai ninoiyiey
i?aaei?eyoee oieueei onoaoaeei neooaoeeth, iineieueeo no?oeoo?a
iaeiaiaie nenoaiu ?innee, aaea iniiaioth ?ieue ea?aao IAeN,
i?eaioe?iaaia a iniiaiii ia iiiieiaiea athaeaeaoa ca n/ao eioeyoeeiiiuo
aeioiaeia. Eiaiii ii yoiio athaeaeaoiue e?ecen ia niaiae ii a?aiaie n
ia/aeii e?ecena iaieaoaaeae, a i?iyaeeny eeoue a oneiaeyo nie?auaiey
oaiiia ?inoa eioeyoeee. E?iia oiai, iaeiaiiaeaaaaiay aaca nie?aoeeanue
ia oieueei ca n/ao ?aceiai naeaoey iannu i?eauee, ii e ca n/ao
oiaiueoaiey eioeyoeeiiiiai ?inoa oeai.

E?eoe/aneia ninoiyiea aeioiaeiie aacu athaeaeaoa onoaoaeeinue e oai, /oi
no?oeoo?a ?anoiaeia, caoeene?iaaiiay a Caeiia i athaeaeaoa ia 1996 aiae,
auea ?acei ia?aeioaia a ia?aii iieoaiaeee, iineieueeo a ?acoeueoaoa
?yaea ?aoaiee I?aaeoaeuenoaa a ia?eiae i?aaeauai?iie eiiiaiee, iinyueo
yaii iieeoe/aneee e eiiuthieoo?iue oa?aeoa?, auea ia?ooaia
naaeaine?iaaiiinoue yeiiiie/aneie iieeoeee.

Oaeei ia?acii, iaeiei ec iaeaieaa nouanoaaiiuo iaaeinoaoeia nia?aiaiiie
athaeaeaoiie iieeoeee a ?innee yaeyaony iai?i?aaioaiiinoue i?eioeeiia
oeiainiaie no?aoaaee, iicaieythueo eiae/anee iainiiaaoue eiii?iienn
yeiiiie/aneeo eioa?ania ainoaea?noaa, ianaeaiey e i?aaei?eieiaoaeae.

3.2 Aiaeec aeeiaieee athaeaeaoiiai aeaoeoeeoa a ?innee

a ia?eiae 1995 aaaono 1997 a.

?acoeueoaou eniieiaiey oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa ca ia?eiae 1995 aiae
aaaono 1997 aiaea i?aaenoaaeaiu a oaaeeoea 2.

Oaaeeoea 211 http://win.www.online.ru/sp/iet/trends/aug96/index.rhtml
?inneeneay yeiiiieea: oaiaeaioeee e ia?niaeoeau. Aaoeeaaeia N.E.
Ninoiyiea ainoaea?noaaiiiai athaeaeaoa.

Eniieiaiea ?anioaeeeaineiai athaeaeaoa ?innee (a % AAI)

1995 aiae1996
aiae1.02.971.03.971.04.971.05.971.06.971.07.971.08.97*Aeioiaeu

Iaeia ia i?eaueue 2,471,440,590,670,881,131,301,291,17Iiaeioiaeiue iaeia
0,20,230,200,200,170,120,120,100,09Iaeia ia aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue,
niaoeiaeia e aeoeecu 5,816,744,214,575,446,306,646,285,98Iaeiae ia
aiaoithth oi?aiaeth e aiaoiayeiiiie/aneea iia?aoeee
1,461,010,550,710,830,860,880,930,93I?i/ea iaeiae, nai?u e ieaoaaee
0,340,280,150,370,220,230,250,140,22Eoiai iaeiaia e ieaoaaeae
10,289,705,706,527,548,649,198,748,39Iaiaeiaiaua aeioiaeu
3,42,801,591,911,351,571,541,551,29Anaai aeioiaeu
13,6812,507,298,439,2210,2010,7310,299,46?anoiaeu

Ainoaea?noaaiiia oi?aaeaiea
0,270,240,170,180,210,210,240,240,27Iaaeaeoia?iaeiay aeayoaeueiinoue
1,31,180,360,340,600,690,690,730,53Iaoeeiiaeueiay iai?iia e
i?aaiio?aieoaeueiay aeayoaeueiinoue
4,034,102,923,374,464,694,914,284,25Ooiaeaiaioaeueiua enneaaeiaaiey
0,290,290,050,110,230,280,310,310,35Oneoae ia?iaeiiio oicyenoao
2,181,840,860,891,431,531,621,471,96Nioeeaeueiua oneoae
1,121,220,521,702,192,282,362,382,15Ianeoaeeaaiea ainoaea?noaaiiiai
aeieaa 1,51,511,241,321,941,851,911,741,77I?i/ea ?anoiaeu
2,791,942,881,191,661,552,042,211,90Eoiai ?anoiaeia
15,2414,378,429,1012,7213,0914,0813,3613,17Nnoaeu ca au/aoii iiaaoaiee
1,371,040,600,940,350,800,191,030,88?anoiaeu e nnoaeu ca au/aoii
iiaaoaiee 16,6115,339,0210,0413,0713,8914,2814,3914,04Aeaoeoeeo
athaeaeaoa 2,942,831,731,613,843,693,554,104,59Iauaa oeiaine?iaaiea, a
oii /enea 2,942,831,731,613,843,693,554,104,59aioo?aiiaa oeiaine?iaaiea
1,411,361,200,381,951,841,661,482,35aiaoiaa oeiaine?iaaiea
1,531,470,521,231,891,851,892,622,24Ni?aai/ii: AAI (o?ei. ?oa.)
16592256201401605812101912261454*I?aaeaa?eoaeueiua aeaiiua

Ii ninoiyieth ia 1 ethey iieiaeaiea n athaeaeaoii inoaaony ii-i?aaeiaio
ia ooaoathuei. Athaeaeao iiaeii n/eoaoue eniieiaiiui eeoue n o/aoii
naeaano?a, oiaaea eae ii ioiioaieth e ia?aiia/aeueiiio ieaio eniieiaiea
iaoiaeeony ia o?iaia 50-60%.

Iniiaiui enoi/ieeii oeiaine?iaaiey athaeaeaoa inoaaony aiaoiaa
oeiaine?iaaiea a aeaea caeiia iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo i?aaiecaoeee,
i?aaeoaeuenoa e /anoiiai naeoi?a.

Eae aeaeii ec oaaeeoeu 2, niaeanii i?aaeaa?eoaeueiui aeaiiui aeioiaeu
oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa i?iaeieaeeee naia iaaeaiea a ethea. I?e yoii
i?iecioei ia?aeeaeueiia oaaee/aiea aeaoeoeeoa athaeaeaoa,
i?ioeiaine?iaaiiia, a iniiaiii, ca n/ao yiennee oeaiiuo aoiaa ia
aioo?aiiai ?uiea.

Eniieiaiea eiinieeaee?iaaiiiai athaeaeaoa i?aaenoaaeaii a Oaaeeoea 3.

Oaaeeoea 311 http://win.www.online.ru/sp/iet/trends/aug96/index.rhtml
?inneeneay yeiiiieea: oaiaeaioeee e ia?niaeoeau. Aaoeeaaeia N.E.
Ninoiyiea ainoaea?noaaiiiai athaeaeaoa..

Eniieiaiea eiinieeaee?iaaiiiai athaeaeaoa ?innee (a % AAI)

1996IIIIIIIVVVIIIaeiae e ieaoaaee
20,9712,9914,1516,0718,3919,7019,43Iaiaeiaiaua aeioiaeu
2,832,322,652,512,432,512,64Anaai aeioiaeu
24,915,3116,8018,5820,8222,2122,07Anaai ?anoiaeia e nnoae ca au/aoii
iiaaoaiee 29,0718,2220,1123,5025,3126,2126,76Aeaoeoeeo athaeaeaoa
4,172,913,314,924,494,004,69

A ethea i?iecioei oaaee/aiea aaee/eiu caaeieaeaiiinoe ii iaeiaiaui
iinooieaieyi a oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao. Iauay aaee/eia caaeieaeaiiinoe,
oaeei ia?acii, ninoaaeea ieiei 85 o?ei. ?oaeae.

Oneeeyie iaeiaiauo i?aaiia n ia/aea aiaea auei iiaaoaii 43 o?ei. ?oaeae
iaaeieiee, a oii /enea ieiei 35 o?ei. iiaaoaii iaeiaiieaoaeueueeaie a
aeia?iaieueiii ii?yaeea iinea i?aaeuyaeaiey o?aaiaaiey.

A e?eoe/aneii ninoiyiee ieacaeny oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao, i?aaeaea anaai
ii eniieiaieth aai aeioiaeiie /anoe. Iauai iaeiaiauo iinooieaiee,
iai?eia?, e iiya?th 1996 aiaea ninoaaee 57,7% athaeaeaoiuo i?iaeoe?iaie
No?iaa A. Ei??aeoe?iaea yeiiiie/aneeo ?aoi?i e ?ac?aaioea iiaie
eiioeaioeee athaeaeaoiie iieeoeee // Aii?inu yeiiiieee. - 1997. - ?1. -
n.79. Yoi aiai?eo iaaeaeo i?i/ei e i ea/anoaa naieo i?iaeoe?iaie,
eioi?ua io?aaeatho, nei?aa, aeaaea iaia?aiey, /ai ?aaeueiua
aiciiaeiinoe.

E?iia oiai, a ia?aii iieoaiaeee 1996 aiaea auee i?aaei?eiyou
aani?aoeaaeaioiua yeno?aiiua ia?u ii iiaeeecaoeee n?aaenoa a athaeaeao:
?aaeecaoeey ainoaea?noaaiiuo caiania ia noiio 6,4 o?ei. ?oaeae; ecuyoea
a athaeaeao i?eauee Oeaio?iaaiea a ?acia?a 5 o?ei. ?oaeae; eiiaa?oaoeey
aaethou ia noiio 17,2 o?ei. ?oaeae Oai aea. - n.79. A i?eeiaeaiee e
Oaaea?aeueiiio Caeiio ?O I oaaea?aeueiii athaeaeaoa ia 1997 aiae
Iieaa?oaeueiii ?ani?aaeaeaiee aeioiaeia, ?anoiaeia e enoi/ieeia
oeiaine?iaaiey aeaoeoeeoa oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa ia 1997 aiae auee
aeaiu oaeea oeeo?u (iei. ?oa.)11 Oaaea?aeueiue Caeii I oaaea?aeueiii
athaeaeaoa ia 1997 aiae // ?inneeneay aacaoa. - 1997. - 4 ia?oa:

anaai ?anoiaeia529 765 200, 0 anaai aeioiaeia434 365 100, 0aeaoeoeeo
oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa 95 400 100, 0anaai enoi/ieeia oeiaine?iaaiey
aeaoeoeeoa 95 400 100, 0.Ec-ca iaoaaoee n?aaenoa i?aaeoaeuenoai
auioaeaeaii ia?aueaaoue iauaiu caeinoaiaaiee. A 1996 aiaeo n oeiainiaiai
?uiea a athaeaeao auei i?eaea/aii aieaa 30 o?ei. ?oaeae /enoie au?o/ee22
No?iaa A. Ei??aeoe?iaea yeiiiie/aneeo ?aoi?i e ?ac?aaioea iiaie
eiioeaioeee athaeaeaoiie iieeoeee // Aii?inu yeiiiieee. - 1997. - ?1. -
n.79, oi anoue ca au/aoii ?anoiaeia ia iiaaoaiea caeiia. Aeey iiaoi?aiey
oaeeo ia? oaea ia aoaeao oneiaee, iiyoiio a 1997 aiaeo aeaaiie i?iaeaiie
noaei iaania/aiea onoie/eaiai iinooieaiey a athaeaeao ?aaoey?iuo
caieaie?iaaiiuo aeioiaeia. Nicaeaa A*E i?aaeoaeuenoai
i?iaeaiiino?e?iaaei aioiaiinoue ethaie oeaiie ii?iaeeciaaoue athaeaeao.
A iiya?a 1996 aiaea iinooieaiea iaeiaia aic?inei aaeaia.

Ec-ca iaoaaoee n?aaenoa ?anoiaeu oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa auioaeaeaiii
auee nie?auaiu, ninoaaea ca 10 ianyoeaa 60% ii n?aaiaieth n ieaiii33 Oai
aea. n. 79.. Ii aua aieueoa i?iaeai aicieeaao ec-ca e?aeia
ia?aaiiia?iiai nie?auaiey oaeoe/aneeo ?anoiaeia ii iai?aaeaieyi. A 1996
aiaeo ?anoiaeu a oeaeii auee iaaeioeiaine?iaaiu ia 30%44 Oai aea. n.
79.. N?aaee neeueii o?acaiiuo noaoae iaaei iacaaoue eiaanoeoeee, iaoeo,
i?iiuoeaiiinoue e yia?aaoeeo, cae?aaiio?aiaiea, oeiainiaoth iiiiuue
noauaeoai oaaea?aoeee. A oi aea a?aiy cia/eoaeueii i?aauoaiu ieaiiaua
?anoiaeu ia nicaeaiea iaineiiiiai oiiaea, oaieueioth i?iiuoeaiiinoue,
naeueneia oicyenoai e ia iai?iio. Nii?o iao, ana yoe iai?aaeaiey aaaeiu
(anee ia o/eouaaoue oi, /oi oaieueiay i?iiuoeaiiinoue n ?acaeoeai IOI
oo?a/eaaao naith aaaeiinoue e aeooaeueiinoue e /oi naeueneia oicyenoai
yaeyaony aeaaiie io?aneueth ionoaeuo no?ai), ii ieioi oi, /oi i?ei?eoaou
oeiaine?iaaiey ii?aaeaeythony a io?uaa io caeiia I athaeaeaoa, a
caeiiiaeaoaeueioth aeanoue, eioi?ie oi?iaeueii i?eiaaeeaaeao iieiiii/ey
ii ii?aaeaeaieth oaeeo i?ei?eoaoia, noaayo ia?aae naa?oeaoeiny oaeoii.

Auaiae iai?aoeaaaony iaeei. Ooaa?aeaeaiiue Oaaea?aeueiui nia?aieai
athaeaeao ia eniieiyaony, i?e inouanoaeaiee oaeoe/aneeo ?anoiaeia oea?eo
i?iecaie /eiiaieeia oeiainiaiai aaaeiinoaa. Yoi icia/aao, ii nooe, ioeac
ainoaea?noaa io eniieiaiey naieo aaaeiaeoeo ?aaoee?othueo ooieoeee e
ioe?uaaao aei?iao iiiai/eneaiiui ceioiio?aaeaieyi.

A ia/aea 1996 aiaea athaeaeaoiay nenoaia ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee aioea a
ino?oth oaco e?ecena. I?iecioei iaaeaiea e oae ieceiai iioieea
iinooieaiee ainoaea?noaaiiuo iaeiaia n 21,0% AAI ia eiiaoe 1995 aiaea
aei 16,6% a yiaa?a - oaa?aea 1996 aiaea11 Eieia A., Ethaeioeaa TH.
Athaeaeaoiue oaaea?aeeci: i?iaeaiu e ia?niaeoeau // Yeiiiieno. - 1996. -
?11. - n.8 . Aianoi iaauaiiie oeiainiaie noaaeeecaoeee athaeaeaoiay
nenoaia aua aieaa ineaaea, iaaeathaeaeaoiua ioiioaiey i?eiyee aua aieaa
ino?oth eiioeeeoioth oi?io.

Iaeiaiaua aeioiaeu eiinieeaee?iaaiiiai athaeaeaoa e na?aaeeia 1996 aiaea
niiaa aeinoeaaee 19% AAI22 Oai aea. n. 8.. A oi aea a?aiy iio?aaiinoe
oeaio?aeecaoeee ?ano?nia aeey iauaainoaea?noaaiiuo ioaeae, nioeeaeueiie
noa?a a nia?aiaiiii iauanoaa o?aaotho nouanoaaiii aieaa aunieie aeiee
oeaio?aeecaoeee oeiainiauo n?aaenoa.

Ia aeaiiue iiiaio o?iaaiue oeaio?aeecaoeee ?ano?nia a athaeaeaoiie
nenoaia ?innee ieaea, /ai a ssiiiee, i?eia?ii a 1,58 ?aca, NOA - 1,9,
Eaiaaea e Aa?iaiee - a 2,47, O?aioeee e Eoaeee - a 2,9 - 3 ?aca e
o.ae.33 Oai aea. n. 8.

Yoe aeaiiua canoaaeytho caaeoiaoueny i oii, ia eaeie oaoeie iniiaa iaoa
I?aaeoaeuenoai i?iaiaeeo iieeoeeo nie?auaiey athaeaeaoiiai aeaoeoeeoa,
iuoaaony aua aieaa nieceoue a?aiy iaeiaia, i?iuay ia?iiiua iaaeieiee a
athaeaeao e no?ieo ioiioaiey athaeaeaoiiai oaaea?aeecia. E?ecen
iaieaoaaeae e iieeoeea oeeiiaiey i?aaei?eyoee io oieaou iaeiaia eiatho
naiei ?acoeueoaoii ana aic?anoathuaa oaea?aeeaaiea iioaioeeaeueiuo
athaeaeaoiuo ?ano?nia oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa, athaeaeaoia noauaeoia
Oaaea?aoeee e ainoaea?noaaiiuo aiaathaeaeaoiuo oiiaeia a iai?ioao
i?aaei?eyoee, a aeieaao. Ianeieueei ianooaaiu ?acia?u i?in?i/aiiie
caaeieaeaiiinoe (oaaeeoea 3) ii ia/eneaiiui (aac o/aoa nie?uoey
aeioiaeia e au?o/ee) ieaoaaeai ainoaea?noao, aeaeii ec n?aaiaiey n
iauaiaie ?aaeueii aeeoioee?iaaiiuo a athaeaeaoiie nenoaia ?ano?nia e
i?iecaaaeaiiuo ca oio aea ia?eiae 1996 aiaea (oaaeeoea 4). Ana o?iaie
athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu niiaee aeeoioee?iaaoue a yiaa?a - ai?aea 1996 aiaea
140,5 o?ei. ?oaeae, i?in?i/aiiay caaeieaeaiiinoue i?aaei?eyoee
athaeaeaoai ninoaaeea 70,8 o?ei. ?oaeae i?e aeaoeoeeoa
eiinieeaee?iaaiiiai athaeaeaoa 39,2 o?ei. ?oaeae.

Oaaeeoea 411 Eieia A., Ethaeioeaa TH. Athaeaeaoiue oaaea?aeeci: i?iaeaiu
e ia?niaeoeau // Yeiiiieno. - 1996. - ?11. - n.8.

I?in?i/aiiay e?aaeeoi?neay caaeieaeaiiinoue i?aaei?eyoee,

a oii /enea ii ieaoaaeai a athaeaeao e aiaathaeaeaoiua oiiaeu (o?ei.
?oa.)

Ii aeaiiui 1996a., a % e i?aaeuaeouaio ianyoeoEiee/anoai i?aaei?eyoee,
eiathueo i?in?i/ai- ioth e?aaeeoi?neoth ca- aeieaeaiiinoueI?in?i/ai-iay
e?aaeeoi?neay caaeieaeaiiinoueA oii /eneaiinoaaueeaia athae-aeaoii
iea-oaaeai a ainoaea?noa. aia- athaeae. oiiaeuii auaea/a n?aaenoa ia
c/issiaa?ue45 179 80262,4

110131,4

10766,6

11634,0

19418,4

136Oaa?aeue46 576

103 276,4

105137,2

10467,6

10240,3

11915,8

86Ia?o47 728

103297,6

108145,5

10666,6

9945,8

11417,2

109Ai?aeue48 194

101323,2

109158,1

10970,8

10650,9

11118,1

105

Ia niaae iaeiaiauo iinooieaiee nouanoaaiiia aicaeaenoaea ieacuaaao
iinoiyiii oooaeoathuaany oeiainiaia ninoiyiea i?aaei?eyoee. E?iia oiai
nea

cuaathony iaaeiiinooieaiey iaeiaia e ae?oaeo iaycaoaeueiuo ieaoaaeae io
noauaeoia Oaaea?aoeee, a oaeaea oneeeaathuaany nie?uoea aeioiaeia
noauaeoaie oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe.

Oaeei ia?acii, ?aaeueiua oa?aeoa?enoeee eniieiaiey aeioiaeiie /anoe
oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa a oaeouai aiaeo, iie?athuaainy i?eia?ii ia oa
aea iioeienoe/aneea i?iaiicu yeiiiie/aneiai ?acaeoey, /oi e
i?aaenoaaeaiiue athaeaeao ia i?ioeue aiae, aeatho iniiaaiey
ooaa?aeaeaoue, /oi athaeaeaoiay iieeoeea ioaeaeaaony a na?ueaciie
ia?ai?eaioaoeee. Caaea/a iiaeao auoue ?aoaia oieueei a ?onea
ei??aeoe?iaee iauaai eo?na yeiiiie/aneeo ?aoi?i. Iaeiaei oaeie
eiioeaioeee I?aaeoaeuenoai ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee e ianoiyuaio a?aiaie
ia ?ac?aaioaei. Iaaeaeo oai Caeii I athaeaeaoa, i?eaioe?iaaiiue ia
ia?aaeueiua yeiiiie/aneea i?iaiicu, ia?aeaao oeiainiaoth nenoaio no?aiu
ia oaeoaeaiea athaeaeaoiiai e?ecena, eioi?ue, a naith i/a?aaeue,
noaiiaeony aeiiieieoaeueiui e aeinoaoi/ii aeoeaiui aeanoaaeeece?othuei
oaeoi?ii.

3.3. Iniiaiua oaiaeaioeee e i?iaiicu ia 1998 aiae.

Eiioeaioeey oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa ia aoaeouee aiae aeaiiino?e?oao
aioiaiinoue aeanoae caaeaaia?aiaiii e /anoii aiai?eoue i ?aaeueii
aiciiaeiuo ?anoiaeao e ioaa/aoue ca naie neiaa. Iaeiaei iiea ia iiiyoii,
a eaeie ia?a ?aaeecothony aiaeoeeiciua caeiiiaeaoaeueiua eieoeeaoeau
?aoi?iaoi?neiai eaaeiaoa.

Iinea a?iieiai i?iaaea athaeaeaoa-97 eaaeiao, iaeiiaoe, i?iaicaeanee
aeieaiaeaeaiiia: "iaaei aeeoue ii n?aaenoaai" e, iioiaea, oaa?aei
iaia?ai aiieiuaoue yoio oacen a aeeciue - i?yii ni neaaeothuaai aiaea.
I?iaeo athaeaeaoa ia 1998 aiae iiaeoaa?aeaeaao ?aoeoaeueiue iano?ie
aeanoae. Aia?aua, ii cayaeaieyi aai ?ac?aaio/eeia, ieaie?iaaiea
oeiainiaiai caeiia enoiaeeo ia io iio?aaiinoae, a iniiaaii ia ?aaeueiuo
aiciiaeiinoyo ?anoiaeia. Neaaeiaaoaeueii, athaeaeao aoaeouaai aiaea
aoaeao ia oieueei ii nooe iiaui, ii e i?aaaeeaui.

Aicueiai ia naay niaeinoue ooaa?aeaeaoue, /oi aeaaea, anee n
athaeaeaoa-98 e ia ia/eiaaony iiaue yoai ?inneeneie yeiiiie/aneie
iieeoeee, oi ii e?aeiae ia?a i?aaeoaeuenoai ?aoi?iaoi?ia, a ioee/ea io
i?aaeoanoaaiieeia, aiieia iniciaiii ia/eiaao iiai?a/eaaoueny io uaae?uo
iaauaiee e eniieiaieth oiai, ia /oi niiniaii. Oae /oi oaia?ue a iniiaa
oi?ie?iaaiey ainoaea?noaaiiuo oeiainia eaaeeo iaeei ec iniiaiuo
i?eioeeiia athaeaeaoiie iieeoeee - ?aaeenoe/iinoue.

Iniiaiua oa?aeoa?enoeee caeiiii?iaeoa oaea iiaeaioiaeaiu.

Eiioeaiooaeueii ?ac?aaioea athaeaeaoa-98 inouanoaeyaony enoiaey ec
iniiaiuo iai?aaeaiee oeiainiaie iieeoeee, ii?aaeaeaiiuo a iineaiee
i?aceaeaioa Oaaea?aeueiiio nia?aieth. Yoi - oaaee/aiea niae?aaiinoe
iaeiaia, ?ano?oeoo?ecaoeey ?anoiaeiie /anoe, ?aaeeeaeueiia nie?auaiea
aeaoeoeeoa e oii?yaei/aiea athaeaeaoiuo i?ioeaaeo?. I?e yoii aeaaiay
caaea/a i?aaeoaeuenoaa naeaeaoue athaeaeao aoaeouaai aiaea ioe?uoui e
?aaeueiui, oaeei ia?acii, /oiau ii noae caaiii o?aoeaoiaai oeiainiaiai
ieaia ainoaea?noaa ii auaiaeo no?aiu ia ?oaaaee aeaaii iaauaiiiai
yeiiiie/aneiai ?inoa.

Oaaeeoea 511 http://www.solo.ru/buss-in-rus/80/rus/34-36/34-36.htm A.
E?aa/aiei. Athaeaeao-98 aeanoei oaycuaaaony n iaeiaiaui eiaeaenii..

Iniiaiua iieacaoaee oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa

ia n?aaeian?i/ioth ia?niaeoeao (a % e
AAI)1997*199819992000Aeioiaeu13,012,712,813,0?anoiaeu18,417,317,216,5Aea
oeoeeo5,44,64,43,5Ia?ae/iue aeaoeoeeo0,40,20,0-0,5* - n o/aoii naeaano?a

Ca ioi?aaioth oi/eo "/anoiinoe" athaeaeaoa-98 aa?aony yooaeo, eioi?ue
i?iecaaaeao i?eiyoea Iaeiaiaiai eiaeaena. ?aaeueiinoue athaeaeaoa-98
caaeneo eiaiii io i?eiyoey Aeoiie Iaeiaiaiai eiaeaena a 1997 aiaeo. A
neo/aa, anee eaaeiao ia iaeaeao a iieiie ia?a iiaeaea?aeee aeaiooaoia,
ia/iao ?ooeoueny any eiino?oeoeey athaeaeaoa, i?e/ai, au/eaiaieai ec
eiaeaena ianeieueeeo aaciauo iieiaeaiee e eo n?i/iui i?eiyoeai a
ea/anoaa caeiiia eni?aaeoue iieiaeaiea a?yae ee oaeanony.

AEanoeay oaycea caeiiii?iaeoa n IE iauyniyaony neaaeothuei ia?acii: yoi
iaania/eo nieaeaiea iaeiaiaie iaa?ocee ii ieaoaaeai ai ana o?iaie
athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu aieaa /ai ia 50 o?ei. ?oaeae11
http://www.solo.ru/buss-in-rus/80/rus/34-36/34-36.htm A. E?aa/aiei.
Athaeaeao-98 aeanoei oaycuaaaony n iaeiaiaui eiaeaenii.. A neo/aa
i?eiyoey IE oeo/oeony e no?oeoo?a aeioiaeia: aaiaeeony iaeia ia eaieoae,
nieaeathony aeoeecu, ia 10 i?ioeaioia aic?anoaao aeiey iaeiaa ia
aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue, ia 60 i?ioeaioia nie?auaaony aeiey iaeiaa ia
i?eaueue22 Oai aea..

Oaeia ia?aiauaiea iaa?ocee n iaeieo iaeiaia ia ae?oaea iauyniyaony
i?inoi au?anooo noaaee oao, eioi?ua eo/oa niae?athony. Eae cayaeytho
i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiua yeiiiienou, i?e iineaaeiaaoaeueiii i?iaaaeaiee
ia?ii?eyoee, i?aaeoniio?aiiuo iaeiaiaie iieeoeeie, iauai aeioiaeia
oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa ca n/ao oaaee/aiey ieaoaaeae aic?anoao e 2000
aiaeo aei 13 i?ioeaioia33 Oai aea..

Aeaa ae?oaea iniiaiiieaaathuea eaeae, caeiaeaiiua a oeiainiaii caeiia
yoi nie?auaiea aeaoeoeeoa athaeaeaoa e nicaeaiea /aoeie no?oeoo?u
?anoiaeia. Iauee iauai aioo?aiieo enoi/ieeia aeey oeiaine?iaaiey
aeaoeoeeoa oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa a 1998 ieaie?oaony i?aeoe/anee ia
o?iaia yoiai aiaea - 97,4 o?ei. ?oaeae44 Oai aea.. I?aaaea, ianeieueei
iaiyaony no?oeoo?a: nouanoaaiii aic?anoaao oaeaeueiue aan "aeeeiiuo"
ainoaea?noaaiiuo iaycaoaeuenoa. Ca n/ao aea aiaoieo enoi/ieeia, aeaaiui
ia?acii "ianaycaiiuo" e?aaeeoia, i?aaeiieaaaaony iieo/eoue aieaa 9
ie?ae. aeieea?ia55 Oai aea..

A aio ?anoiaeu iiaeaa?aioony cia/eoaeueiie ?ano?oeoo?ecaoeee.
I?ei?eoaoiua iai?aaeaiey ?anoiaeia oaea auaeaeaiu: iiaaoaiea
athaeaeaoiie caaeieaeaiiinoe, aiaiiay ?aoi?ia, cae?aaiio?aiaiea,
eoeueoo?a, eneonnoai, noaeaaiay nenoaia. I?eioeeieaeueiie e, aac
i?aoaaee/aiey neacaoue, no?aoaae/anee aaaeiie i?iaeaiie yaeyaony
oeiaine?iaaiea ainoaea?noaaiiiai aeieaa. Aeaei a oii, /oi a iineaaeiea
aiaeu ?anoiaeu ia aai ianeoaeeaaiea ?anooo aeiaieueii auno?i. Oae,
niaeanii ioeaieai Ieioeia, a 1998 aiaeo yoio iieacaoaeue aeinoeaiao
15-18 i?ioeaioia iauaia anao athaeaeaoiuo ?anoiaeia, a i?e nio?aiaiee
oaeie oaiaeaioeee e 2000 aiaeo - oaea 25 i?ioeaioia11
http://www.solo.ru/buss-in-rus/80/rus/34-36/34-36.htm A. E?aa/aiei.
Athaeaeao-98 aeanoei oaycuaaaony n iaeiaiaui eiaeaenii.. Iianiinoue
ninoieo a oii, /oi anee no?aia oae e aoaeao ia?aeeaaeuaaoue ioaea/o
aeieaia ia neaaeothuea aiaeu, oi i/aiue nei?i ainoaea?noai iii?inoo
noaiao aaie?ioii. Iiyoiio ia oieueei a neaaeothuai aiaeo, ii e a
n?aaeian?i/iie ia?niaeoeaa i?aaeiieaaaaony i?iaiaeeoue iieeoeeo
iinoaiaiiiai nie?auaiey aeaoeoeeoa oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa (niaeanii
i?iaiico, i?e auiieiaiee caieaie?iaaiiuo ia?, yoio iieacaoaeue
oiaiueoeony n 5,5 aei 4,6 i?ioeaioa a 1998 aiaeo e aei 3,5 - a 200022
Oai aea.) e iinoaiaiii oeo/oaoue no?oeoo?o enoi/ieeia aai
oeiaine?iaaiey.

A oeaeii ia noieo caauaaoue, /oi athaeaeao i?aaenoaaeyao niaie
eceiaeaiioth a oeeo?ao i?ia?aiio eaaeiaoa ii ?aoaieth caaea/ a
iieeoe/aneie, yeiiiie/aneie e nioeeaeueiie noa?ao. A ?ac n?aaeian?i/iay
oeaeue - aeinoeaeaiea yeiiiie/aneiai ?inoa, oiaaea noieo ioeaieoue,
ianeieueei i?iaeo athaeaeaoa ia neaaeothuee aiae aeaenoaeoaeueii oiio
iiniinianoaoao.

Caeiaeaiiay a aai eiioeaioeee i?eaioaoeey ia nieaeaiea iauaai o?iaiy
aeaoeoeeoa athaeaeaoa, ianiiiaiii, iicaieeo oiaiueoeoue aeieth o/anoey
ainoaea?noaa ia oeiainiaii ?uiea, a cia/eo iaania/eo aeaeueiaeoaa
iaaeaiea aeioiaeiinoe ii ainoaea?noaaiiui oeaiiui aoiaaai. I?e yoii n?ie
ia?auaiey aoiaa aoaeao oaaee/eaaoueny, e oai naiui iaa?ocea ia athaeaeao
nieceony. Ii ?an/aoai Ieienoa?noaa yeiiiieee, iieeoeea nie?auaiey iauaia
aioo?aiieo caeinoaiaaiee eae ?ac e aoaeao noeioee?iaaoue iooie
aunaiaiaeaeathueony oeiainiauo ?ano?nia a ?aaeueiue naeoi?.

Iaeiaei, eae ooaa?aeaeatho iacaaeneiua yeiiiienou, caeiaeaiiue a
athaeaeao-98 o?iaaiue eioeyoeee a 5 i?ioeaioia - ia?aaeenoe/ai. Yoi,
nei?aa, iaiiieiaao nioeeaeenoe/aneia ieaie?iaaiea "n iioieea". Aieaa
oiai, eae ooaa?aeaeatho a iiiiceoeeiiiuo e?oaao, athaeaeaoiue eo?n
i?aaeoaeuenoaa caaaaeiii i?iaaeai aua e iioiio, /oi ii iie?aaony ia
Iaeiaiaue eiaeaen: i/aaeaeii, /oi ca iaeei aiae oeneaeueiue eeeiao ia
eciaieony, a iioiio aeioiaeiay /anoue ecia/aeueii iaauiieieia. A iioiio
oeo/oaiea yeiiiie/aneie neooaoeee aiiaue ieaaeaony oieueei
i?iaeaeeaie?iaaiiui.

I?aaeoaeuenoaaiiua aea /eiiaieee cayaeytho, /oi iae?iyeiiiie/aneea
i?aaeiinueee aeey ?inoa i?iecaiaenoaa oaea noi?ie?iaaeenue e i?aiyonoaee
aeey oiai, /oiau no?aia anooieea a ?aaeei oicyenoaaiiiai iiaeuaia, ia
naaiaeiyoiee aeaiue - oieueei aeaa. Yoi ionoonoaea Iaeiaiaiai eiaeaena e
aanii?yaei/iia ooieoeeiie?iaaiea eaieoaea. Iaaaaeaiea ii?yaeea ia ?uiea
eaieoaea ii aieueoae /anoe iiaeao ia/aoueny n i?eiyoey ?aaeueiiai
athaeaeaoa-98. Oieueei aio aac iieiioeaiiie iaeiaiaie ?aoi?iu, aeaaea n
iiiiuueth IE, iineaaeiaa naeaeaoue ia oaeanony.

Eae ioia/atho niaoeeaeenou, aeaiiue i?iaeo athaeaeaoa-98 ioee/aaony io
i?aaeuaeoueo naiae ?aaeenoe/iinoueth, e ii naiei oa?aeoa?enoeeai aeecie
e naeaano?e?iaaiiiio (nei??aeoe?iaaiiiio) athaeaeaoo-97. Aeoineea
yenia?ou ioia/atho ?aaeueiinoue aai aeioiaeiie e ?anoiaeiie aacu.
Iaeiaei, ieeaeie yeoi?ee ii yoiio iiaiaeo ieeoi ia eniuouaaao, oae eae
aeaaea naii I?aaeoaeuenoai ia iaeeaeaao a neaaeothuai aiaeo oaaee/aiey
nai?a iaeiaia. E iiaeii neacaoue, /oi aia?aua no?aia i?aaeeaaaaony
athaeaeao yeiiiie/aneiai ?inoa, athaeaeao aoaeao aeanoeei, iioiio /oi
i?aaeoaeuenoai oioaei naeaeaoue athaeaeao aaniethoii ?aaeueiui.
Athaeaeao i?aaeoniao?eaaao ?ino i?iecaiaenoaa ia iaiaa /ai ia 2
i?ioeaioa, iaeiaei yoi ieieiaeueiay oeeo?a. I?iecieaeao oaeaea
aeaeueiaeoaa nieaeaiea eioeyoeee (aei 5 i?ioeaioia a aiae), ii
n?aaiaieth n i?ioeuie aiaeaie nie?auai iauai aeaoeoeeoa athaeaeaoa.
Aia?aua ieaie?oaony ioeac io iieo/aiey /anoe e?aaeeoia Iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai
aaethoiiai oiiaea, oae eae oaea iao ioaeaeu a yoeo caeinoaiaaieyo. A
athaeaeaoa auaeaeaii ianeieueei i?ei?eoaoia. Yoi, i?aaeaea anaai,
?aoi?ia a?iee: athaeaeao i?aaeoniao?eaaao nouanoaaiiue ?ino ?anoiaeia ia
iai?iio, i?e/ai, ioaeaeueiie no?ieie i?iienaiu ?anoiaeu ia
oeiaine?iaaiea ?aoi?iu. Ae?oaie i?ei?eoao - cae?aaiio?aiaiea, ?anoiaeu
ia eioi?ia au?anooo i?eia?ii ia 25 i?ioeaioia. Nouanoaaiii iiauneeenue
oaeaea ?anoiaeu ia eoeueoo?o (ia 15 i?ioeaioia), nio?aiea ia i?aaeiai
o?iaia anneaiiaaiey ia nioeeaeueioth noa?o.

Aianoa n oai acaeyae ia athaeaeao ec aeoineeo eaaeiaoia inoi?iaeiaa.
Oa?aeoa?ecoy aianaiiue a Ainaeoio athaeaeao ia 1998 aiae, i?aaenoaaeoaee
athaeaeaoiiai eiieoaoa Aeoiu ioia/atho , /oi aai eniieiaiea ?aaeueii.
Iaeiaei, aai i?ioiaeaeaiea a Ainaeoia aoaeao nouanoaaiii neiaeiaa, /ai a
i?ioeii aiaeo, iineieueeo Aeoia aeieaeia aoaeao niaeaneoueny ni
nieaeaieai iauae noiiu ?anoiaeia ia 100 o?ei. ?oaeae. Aa?iyoiaa anaai,
Ainaeoia ia aica?aoeo aeaiiue aa?eaio athaeaeaoa a I?aaeoaeuenoai,
iineieueeo ana i?aaenoaaeaiiua e iaio nii?iaiaeeoaeueiua aeieoiaiou
niioaaonoaotho aeaenoaothuaio caeiiiaeaoaeuenoao.

Ii neaaeoao ioiaoeoue e iaaeinoaoee athaeaeaoa. Oae, iai?eia?, ?aaeueiue
athaeaeao-98, ii-i?aaeiaio, eae e a i?aaeuaeouea aiaeu, no?aaeaao
iaoaeiaeaoai?eoaeueiie no?oeoo?ie ?anoiaeia, iniiaiua i?ei?eoaou a
iaeanoe oeiaine?iaaiey ioaeaiu iaoeeiiaeueiie iai?iia (80 o?ei.) e
i?aaiio?aieoaeueiie nenoaia (44 o?ei.)11
http://www.akdi.ru/news/otdl/ps.htm Ia?eaiaioneay inaiue-98:
athaeaeaoiua iaeeaeaiey

. A athaeaeaoa-98 ii n?aaiaieth n athaeaeaoii-97 nie?auaiu ?anoiaeu ia
naeueneia oicyenoai (n 16 aei 6,6 o?ei.), i?iiuoeaiiinoue,
no?ieoaeuenoai, o?ainii?o e yia?aaoeeo (n 43 aei 24 o?ei.)22 Oai aea..
E oioy nie?auaiea ?anoiaeia ia iiaeaea?aeeo io?aneae ia?iaeiiai
oicyenoaa (naeueneiai oicyenoaa e i?iiuoeaiiinoe) yaeyaony ii?aaaeaiiie
ia?ie n o/aoii ?aaeueii aeaenoaothuaai iaeiyooaeoeaiiai iaoaiecia
eniieueciaaiey yoeo n?aaenoa, iaeiaei aunaiaiaeaeaaiua i?e yoii
athaeaeaoiua n?aaenoaa iai?aaeythony i?aeiouanoaaiii ia oeiaine?iaaiea
neeiauo aaaeiinoa, a ia ia nioeeaeueiua ioaeaeu. Oae, aeiey ?anoiaeia
ia iaoeeiiaeueioth iai?iio a iaueo ?anoiaeao athaeaeaoa oaaee/aia n 16,2
i?ioeaioia a athaeaeaoa-97 aei 16,9 i?ioeaioia a athaeaeaoa-98, a aeiey
?anoiaeia ia i?aaiio?aieoaeueioth aeayoaeueiinoue aic?anoaao n 8,2
i?ioeaioia a 1997 aiaeo aei 9,3 i?ioeaioia a athaeaeaoa 1998 aiaea11
http://www.akdi.ru/news/otdl/ps.htm Ia?eaiaioneay inaiue-98:
athaeaeaoiua iaeeaeaiey. Ianiio?y ia oaaee/aiea ainoaea?noaaiiuo
?anoiaeia ia cae?aaiio?aiaiea (aei 8,4 o?ei.?oa. ii n?aaiaieth n
iaeeaeaaiie ioeaieie eniieiaiey athaeaeaoa-97 aiaeo - 7,7 o?ei.?oa.) e
ia eoeueoo?o e eneonnoai (aei 3,1 o?ei.?oa. i?ioea 2,4 o?ei. ?oa.),
I?aaeoaeuenoai ia auaeaeeei i?ei?eoaoiua iai?aaeaiey, ia eioi?ua aoaeoo
?anoiaeiaaoueny yoe n?aaenoaa22 Oai aea.. Aianoa n oai, e yoi
iieiaeeoaeueiue iiiaio, eae ioia/atho aeoineea yenia?ou, a ioee/ea io
athaeaeaoa-97, oaeanoi/ai ii?yaeie aica?aoa athaeaeaoiuo n?aaenoa, e
ainoaea?noaaiiua aeaiueae ia eiaanoeoeee iaainoaea?noaaiiui
i?aaei?eyoeyi aoaeoo auaeaeyoueny oieueei i?e oneiaee iieo/aiey
yeaeaaeaioa a aeaea aeoeee yoeo i?aaei?eyoee. ?acia? aeaoeoeeoa
nieaeaaony ii n?aaiaieth n iaeeaeaaiui eniieiaieai a 1997 aiaeo e
inoaaony i?eia?ii ia o?iaia ieaia 1997 aiaea - 4,8 i?ioeaioa io AAI33
Oai aea..

Caeeth/aiea

Iiaeaiaey eoia neacaiiiio, iiaeii ii?aaeaeaiii naeaeaoue auaiae i
e?ecena athaeaeaoiie iieeoeee, i?iaiaeeiie a ?innee ia o?iaia eae
oaaea?aeueiie aeanoe, oae e noauaeoia Oaaea?aoeee. I?e/ai iniiaiie
i?iaeaiie eae ?inneeneie athaeaeaoiie iieeoeee, oae e athaeaeaoiie
iieeoeee ae?oaeo no?ai yaeyaony aeaoeoeeo ainoaea?noaaiiiai athaeaeaoa.

Iniiaiua i?iaeaiu oaeiau:

n ia/eiay n 1990 aiaea ninoiyiea oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa ia/aei
e?eoe/anee oooaeoaoueny , aeaoeoeeo ?inneeneiai oaaea?aeueiiai
athaeaeaoa aei neo ii? eiaao iinoiyiioth oaiaeaioeeth e ?inoo;

n yeiiiie/aneee e?ecen, eioi?ui oa?aeoa?ecoaony naaiaeiyoiaa ninoiyiea
?inneeneie yeiiiieee, aeaoi?ie?oao nenoaio iaeiaia, a cia/eo e nenoaio
athaeaeaoia, iiyoiio naaiaeiyoiea oaiaeaioeee a noa?a ainoaea?noaaiiuo
oeiainia oa?aeoa?ecothony ia?anoaieai athaeaeaoiiai e?ecena;

n ianaaeaine?iaaiiinoue ainoaea?noaaiiuo aeioiaeia e ?anoiaeia naycaia,
a iniiaiii, n iaaeaieai iauaiia i?iecaiaenoaa e aai yooaeoeaiinoe,
oaaee/aieai ?anoiaeia ia nioeeaeueiua i?ia?aiiu e n ?anoe?aieai
?acee/iuo nioeeaeueiuo eueaio, a oaeaea n ianiaa?oainoaii iaeiaiaie
nenoaiu, iicaieythuae iaeiaiieaoaeueueeai ecuneeaaoue eacaeee aeey
oeeiiaiey io oieaou iaeiaia.

Oaeei ia?acii, iaeiei ec iaeaieaa nouanoaaiiuo iaaeinoaoeia nia?aiaiiie
athaeaeaoiie iieeoeee e, eae neaaenoaea, athaeaeaoiiai aeaoeoeeoa a
?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee yaeyaony iai?i?aaioaiiinoue i?eioeeiia oeiainiaie
no?aoaaee, iicaieythueo eiae/anee iainiiaaoue eiii?iienn yeiiiie/aneeo
eioa?ania ainoaea?noaa, i?aaei?eieiaoaeae e ianaeaiey.

Eeoa?aoo?a

1. Eaiaaa A.Ae. e eieeaeoea aaoi?ia. O/aaiee ii iniiaai yeii. oai?ee
(yeiiiieea). - I.: AEAAeIN,1994. - 384 n.: ee.

2. Iaeeiiiaee E.?., A?th N.E. Yeiiiieen: I?eioeeiu, i?iaeaiu e iieeoeea.
A 2 o.: Ia?. n aiae. 11-ai ecae. O.I. - I.: ?anioaeeea, 1992. - 399 n.:
oaae., a?ao.

3. Nia?aiaiiay yeiiiieea: Iauaaeinooiiue o/aaiue eo?n. - ?inoia-ia-Ae.:
ecae-ai Oaieen, 1996. - 608 n.

4. Yeiiiieea: O/aaiee / Iiae ?aae. aeioe. A.N. Aoeaoiaa. - I.:
Ecaeaoaeuenoai AAE, 1996. - 632 n.

5. Aiaueaa TH. I?iiuoeaiiue niaae e no?oeoo?a i?iecaiaenoaa //
Yeiiiieno. - 1996. - ?12, n. 35-39.

6. Aiaa/aaa I. Athaeaeaoiua iaoaieciu a ie?iaie i?aeoeea ?acaeoey
aeai?anneaiuo e ionoaeuo ?aaeiiia // Aii?inu yeiiiieee. - 1996. - ?6, n.
100-109.

7. Aieueoaeia N. Oeiainiaay iieeoeea a oneiaeyo e?ecena // Oeiainu. -
1993. - ?2, n. 12-15.

8. Ai?aaeyae A., Iiaeii?eia E. Athaeaeaoiue e?ecen e iooe aai
i?aiaeieaiey // ?inneeneee yeiiiie/aneee aeo?iae. - 1996. - ?10, n.
23-33.

9. Eeea?eiiia A. Oai?ey aeaiaaeiiai aeaoeoeeoa eae io?aaeaiea
ieaoaaeiiai e?ecena a ?inneeneie yeiiiieea // Aii?inu yeiiiieee. - 1996.
- ?12, n. 40-60.

10. Eieia A., Ethaeioeaa TH. Athaeaeaoiue oaaea?aeeci: i?iaeaiu e
ia?niaeoeau // Yeiiiieno. - 1996. - ?11, n. 3-14.

11. Eiiiaioa?ee e athaeaeaoiiio caeiiiaeaoaeuenoao // I?aai e yeiiiieea.
- 1996. - ?23-24, n. 4-30.

12. E?ueia O.C. Athaeaeaoiue i?ioeann e athaeaeaoiue eaeaiaea?ue a NOA
// Oeiainu. - 1996. - ?11, n. 56-66.

13. Iaaeiaa E. Athaeaeaoiia oeiaine?iaaiea e i?iaeaia ainoaea?noaaiiiai
aeieaa // Yeiiiieno. - 1994. - ?4, n.71-76.

14. Iiaeii?eia E. I i?iaeoa oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa ia 1997 aiae //
Yeiiiieno. - 1996. - ?11, n. 15-23.

15. Iiaeii?eia E. Nia?aiaiiua i?iaeaiu athaeaeaoiiai ?aaoee?iaaiey //
Yeiiiieno. - 1996. - ?7, n.69-78.

16. ?inney e ca?oaaaeiua no?aiu: n?aaiaiea ii iniiaiui iieacaoaeyi //
Aii?inu yeiiiieee. - 1996. - ?1, n.111-115.

17. Noaiaiia TH., A?aieia O. I?iaeaiu oeiainiaie noaaeeecaoeee,
iaieaoaaee // Yeiiiieno. - 1996. - ?9, n. 23-31.

18. No?iaa A. Ei??aeoe?iaea yeiiiie/aneeo ?aoi?i e ?ac?aaioea iiaie
eiioeaioeee athaeaeaoiie iieeoeee // Aii?inu yeiiiieee. - 1997. - ?1, n.
77-90.

19. Oaaea?aeueiue Caeii I oaaea?aeueiii athaeaeaoa ia 1997 aiae //
?inneeneay aacaoa. - 1997. - 4 ia?oa.

20. http://www.akdi.ru/news/otdl/ps.htm Ia?eaiaioneay inaiue-98:
athaeaeaoiua iaeeaeaiey.

21. http://win.www.online.ru/sp/iet/trends/aug96/index.rhtml ?inneeneay
yeiiiieea: oaiaeaioeee e ia?niaeoeau. Aaoeeaaeia N.E. Ninoiyiea
ainoaea?noaaiiiai athaeaeaoa.

22. http://www.solo.ru/buss-in-rus/80/rus/34-36/34-36.htm A. E?aa/aiei.
Athaeaeao-98 aeanoei oaycuaaaony n iaeiaiaui eiaeaenii.

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