accounting for tastes." For example, I go to the shops with my mother. She

likes this dress but I like that one. My mother wants me to buy this dress.

But I am sure, that dress is much to my taste.

My parents want me to be a teacher as they are skilled teachers but I

have a taste for music, and my dream is to be a composer.

Where can we go? What can we do if we have free time? My friend Nastya

lives in the village. Her village is far from Moscow. It takes her three

hours to go to Moscow. She says that there is nowhere to go and there is

nothing to do in her village. There are no clubs, museums, cinemas, parks

there. If she wants to go to Moscow it'll take her a lot of money. She

can't afford it.

It is a problem to get a good education.

It is necessary to pay for a good education. I think it is difficult to

learn English, for example, without additional classes.

I can't enter the Institute without good knowledge. To get it it is

necessary to pay for it and have heavy expenses.

Many good teachers leave schools because they haven't got enough money.

Persons without special experience can't teach the pupils well.

I am sure that all teenagers want to have a lot of money to dress well, to

go to the theatres, to visit foreign countries, ito eat what they want, to

buy books-How can they solve all these problems?

They have to earn money. I think it is possible to do it. Some boys wash

cars, the others sell newspapers, some of my friends help old persons. Many

of my friends have load of care.

We have some problems but we are sure that we solve them in a proper way.

I think that the young people in other countries have many problems too. I

have a pen-friend in Italy. He usually writes that his parents make him to

do a lot of house-work. It is stange for us, but my friend Jack from London

has his biggest problem — his freckles.

INTRODUCING YOURSELF

My name is Kostya. My surname is Laznev. I was born in Moscow on the 23rd

of June in 1981. I am a tall thin boy. My hair is dark and short. My face

is oval, my nose is straight. My eyes are large and brown. My friends say

that I am a good-looking boy. I like to dress well. I usually wear black

trousers, light shirts, clean boots.

I have a dream to enter the Institute.

I worked hard at school. We studied many subjects such as History,

Russian, Physics, Geography and others. I was fond of English and Physics.

And I was good at them.

I think that I am honest, serious and polite.

I want to get a good education and find an interesting and useful work. I

have a hobby. I like to sing songs. My father likes to sing songs too. He

knows many good songs and we usually sing songs together.

Nowadays young people don't like classical music. They prefer pop music.

My parents invite me to some very good concerts of classical music. It is

great. I am very grateful to my parents because now I begin to understand

how wrong I was going only to pop concerts.

I am proud of my mother and father. They are musicians. We like to spend

our free time together. We often go to the museums, to the Concert Halls,

to the theatres.

I want to say that I respect my parents.

I HAVE A DREAM TO BE A DOCTOR

There are many interesting and noble professions. I want to become a

doctor.

I like this profession and I am eager to get a medical education and work

at a hospital.

It is a good tradition in our family. My mother is a doctor, my

grandfather is a doctor and I want to be a doctor, too.

When I was a little boy my grandfather worked at a hospital and I spent

some time at the hospital with him. He is a surgeon and works in a surgical

department.

Day by day he takes care of his hospital patients, he treats them well.

He is very attentive. Every day he comes into

wards asking patients, "What do you complain of?"

He wants all people to be able-bodied and he tries to treat his in-

patients in a proper way.

To operate on persons is his main task. He is a kind and skilled surgeon.

Every day he comes into an operating-room and operates on his in-patients.

After each operation he takes care of his in-patients. Day by day he helps

them to recover and he is glad when he can say, "My in-patient is quite

recovered."

Sometimes he advises his in-patients to go to sanatoriums after leaving

the hospital. He instructs them in detail what they can do and eat after

their operations.

My grandfather tells me a lot of true stories about doctors, their

profession, their aid for people.

I respect my grandfather. I like his profession and I have a dream to be a

doctor too.

SPORT AND A HEALTHY MODE OF LIFE

Sport is very important in our life. It is popular among young and old

people.

Many people do morning exercises, jog in the morning, train themselves in

clubs, in different sections and take part in sport competitions.

Other people like sports too, but they only watch sports games, listen to

sports news. They prefer reading interesting stories about sportsmen. But

they don't go in for sports.

Physical training is an important subject at school. Pupils have got

physical training lessons twice a week. Boys and girls play volley-ball and

basket-ball at the lessons. There is a sportsground near our school and

school-children go in foi sports in the open air.

A lot of different competitions are held at schools, a great number of

pupils take part in them. All participants try to get good results and

become winners. Sport helps people to keep in good health. If you go in for

sports, you have good health and don't catch cold.

Children and grown-ups must take care of their health and do morning

exercises regularly.

There are some popular kinds of sports in our country: football, volley-

ball, hockey, gymnastics, skiing, skating. Athletics is one of the most

popular kinds of sports. It includes such kinds of sports as running,

jumping and others. Everybody may choose the sport he (or she) is

interested in.

There are summer and winter sports.

My favourite sport is swimming. I go to the swimming-pool twice a week.

But I prefer to rest by the lake or the river and swim there.

My friend Kostya goes in for boxing. He is a good boxer and he is a brave

and courageous boy. His hobby helps him in his everyday life.

Sports in Great Britain

National sports in Great Britain... It is a very interesting question,

because many kinds of sport have taken the origin in England.

The Englishmen love sports, they are called sports-lovers in spite of the

fact that some of them neither play games nor even watch them. They only

like to speak about sports.

Some kinds of sport are professional in England.

Many traditional sporting contests take place in England, for example,

cricket. It is played from May till September. This game is associated with

England. There are many cricket clubs in this country. English people like

to play cricket. They think that summer without cricket isn't summer.

Cricket is the English national sport in summer. If you want to play

cricket you must wear white boots, a white shirt and white long trousers.

There are two teams. Each team has eleven players. Cricket is popular in

boys' schools. Girls play cricket too.

Football. It has got a long history. Football was played by the whole

village teams in the middle ages in England.

Now football is the most popular game in Britain. It is a team game.

There are some amateur teams but most of the teams are professional ones in

England. Professional football is a big business. Football is played at

schools too.

Rugby football. You can see a ball in this game, but it is not round. It

is oval. This is a team game. There are fifteen players in each team. It is

a popular game in England. There are many amateur rug-by football teams in

this country.

If we speak about football we can mention an American football too. It is

a game that is played between two teams of players using an oval ball that

can be handled or kicked. The captain of the team must be the oldest or

best player.

Table tennis or ping-pong. Englishmen heard about table tennis in 1880.

Then the International Table Tennis Association was formed and the

international rules were worked out.

Many people like to play table tennis. This game is played by men and

women.

There are some tennis clubs in England, but if you play there it is

necessary to pay money for it.

Englishmen like playing tennis but many of them prefer to watch this game.

Wimbledon. It is the centre of lawn tennis. Some years ago Wimbledon was a

village, now it is a part of London. The most important tennis competition

takes place there every summer.

Englishmen pay much attention to swimming, rowing and walking. Usually the

Oxford—Cambridge Boat Race takes place at the end of March or at the

beginning of April. It is an interesting contest between the universities

of Oxford and Cambridge. It is usually held on the Thames River. The first

such race was held in 1820. There were a lot of people watching this race.

There are some racing competitions in England. They are motor-car racing,

dog-racing, donkey-racing, boat-racing, horse-racing. All kinds of racings

are popular in England. It is interesting to see the egg-and-spoon race.

The runner, who takes part in this competition, must carry an egg in a

spoon. It is not allowed to drop the egg.

We must speak about the Highland Games in Scotland. All competitors wear

Highland dress. There are such competitions as putting the weight, tossing

the caber and others. The English are great lovers of sports.

LEARNING FOREIGN LANGUAGES

It is necessary to learn foreign languages. That's why pupils have got

such subject as a foreign language at school. Everybody knows his own

language, but it is useful to know foreign languages.

I learn English, because I understand that I can use it. For example, if I

go to England I'll be able to speak English there. If I go to the USA, I'll

speak English too. English is used not only in England, but also in other

parts of the world.

I learn English because I want to read foreign literature in the original.

I know and like such English and American writers as Charles Dickens, Mark

Twain, Lewis Carroll and others. I understand that I must learn English. If

I know English well, I'll be able to go to the library and take books by

English and American writers in the original.

I like to travel. But it is difficult to visit countries, when you don't

know the language of these countries. If I know the language of the

country, where I am going to, it will be easy to travel there. If I want to

ask something, I can do it in English.

I like to read books. And I like to read newspapers, too. If I know, for

example, English I'll be able to read English newspapers and magazines.

Knowledge of foreign languages helps young people of different countries to

understand each other, to develop friendship among them. For example, we

have a foreign exhibition in Moscow. If I know a foreign language, it is

easy for me to visit this exhibition.

You can see a lot of advertisements, signboards, names in the streets.

They are in foreign languages. Very often they are in English. If you know

English, you can read and understand them.

Now we buy many clothes from other countries If you know English well, you

can read something about the size of this or that thing. It is clear for

you what it is made of.

There are a lot of films in foreign languages. If you know foreign

languages, you can understand films without any help.

There are international friendship camps in the world. If you can speak

foreign languages, it will be easy for you to visit such camps and speak

with the boys, girls, men even they don't know Russian.

In short, I understand that I have to learn English in a proper way and I

try to do it.

I LIKE TO TRAVEL

I like to travel. First of all, the members of our family usually have

long walks in the country. Such walks are called hikes. If we want to see

the countryside, we have to spend a part of our summer holidays on hikes.

It is useful for all members of our family. We take our rucksacks, we don't

think about tickets, we don't hurry up and we walk a lot. During such hikes

we see a lot of interesting places, sometimes we meet. interesting people.

I like to travel by car. It is interesting too, because you can see many

things in a short time. When we go by car, we don't take tickets too, we

put all things we need in a car. We don't carry them.

THE PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

Our country. Our environment. There are many big and small rivers, green

forests, high mountains, lakes and seas in Russia.

Our Earth is our home. I think people must take care of our Motherland.

There are some laws and decisions on this important subject. We have state

organizations which pay attention to this problem.

The international conventions pay much attention to the control of

pollution too.

There are a lot of industrial enterprises in our country, that's why we

can't ignore the problem of the protection of our environment. Our main aim

is the protection. Our environment must be clean. What V must we do for it?

We have to control atmospheric and water pollution, to study the man's

influence on the climate. The pollution of the environment influences the

life of animals, plants and our human life. If we don't use chemicals in a

proper way we'll pollute our environment.

Our plants and factories put their waste materials into water and

atmosphere and pollute the environment.

There are many kinds of transport in our big cities, that's why we must

pay attention to the protection of our nature and the health of the people.

Radiation. Now it has become one of the main problems. It is not good for

J health of people. Many people died from radiation some years ago in

Chernobyl. It ' was a tragedy. Another problem is earthquake. We know some

terrible earthquakes in the world. Our scientists try to forecast

earthquakes, then we can protect ourselves from them.

The people all over the world do everything to protect their nature, to

make their country richer, to make their life happier.

CHRISTMAS DAY

Every country has its own customs and traditions. English people are proud

of their traditions and they keep them up.

It is difficult to speak about England without speaking about its

holidays. Christmas Day is among them.

All English people celebrate Christmas (or X-mas) on the 25th of December.

Christmas! What kind of holiday is it? It is the yearly celebration of the

birth of Jesus Christ. It falls on December 25 by the Catholic Church and

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