Методические указания по английскому языку

Пояснения

к выполнению контрольных работ.

1. Количество контрольных работ, выполняемых на каждом курсе,

устанавливается учебным планом университета.

2. В данном пособии предлагается для студентов 6 вариантов контрольных

работ. Выполняются они в соответствии с цифрами студенческого шифра

(четные или нечетные).

3. Выполнять контрольные работы следует в отдельной тетради. На обложке

тетради напишите свою фамилию, номер шифра, курс и факультет.

4. Контрольные работы должны быть выполнены чернилами, аккуратно, четким

почерком. Слева справа оставьте поля для рецензии преподавателя.

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5. Контрольные работы должны быть выполнены в той последовательности, в

которой они даны в настоящем пособии.

6. Выполненные контрольные работы направляйте для проверки и рецензирования

в установленные сроки на кафедру “Английский язык”.

7. Если контрольная работа не соответствует указанным требованиям, она

возвращается без проверки.

Подготовка

к зачетам и экзамену.

1. Прочитать необходимые текстовые материалы и понять основной смысл

прочитанного.

2. Просмотреть материал выполненных контрольных работ.

3. Просмотреть перечень необходимых вопросов для собеседования по

разговорной тематике.

4. Просмотреть газетный материал на английском языке, пользуясь словарем.

5. Прочитать и понять, с помощью словаря, тесты по специальности.

I. Варианты контрольных работ

Вариант 1

1. Переведите текст:

Cosmic Flight.

We live in a wonderful age when the most daring dreams of man are coming

true. For many centuries cosmic flights were but a dream. October 4, 1957

became a remarkable day throughout the world. The first space satellite was

put into orbit around the Earth. Tsiolkovsky's "utopian" dream has been

realized. Each cosmic flight on a manned spaceship is really a great event.

The satellite is a small space laboratory. Its aim is investigating

radiation as well as the effects of the state of weightlessness on the

human organism.

2. Переведите слова и выражения:

daring, to put into orbit, space satellite, manned spaceship,

investigating, the state

of weightlessness, radiation.

3. Переведите предложение:

Многие века космические полеты были всего лишь мечтой.

4. Переведите предложение:

Первый космический спутник был запущен 4 октября 1957 года.

5. Переведите предложение:

Each manned spaceship is a small cosmic laboratory.

6. Выбрать правильный вариант:

The most... dreams of people are coming true.

a) remarkable b) daring c) wonderful

7. Выбрать правильный вариант:

Each cosmic ... is really a great event,

a) satellite b) spaceship c) flight

8. Закончить предложение:

For many centuries cosmic flights were....

a) "utopian" dream b) but a dream

9. Закончить предложение:

The first space satellite was put into orbit....

a) around the Earth b) around the moon

10. Составить предложение:

is, on, organism, aim, investigating, the, its, radiation, human

11. Составить предложение:

flight, manned, really, event, cosmic, a, is, remarkable, each, on,

spaceship, a.

12. Ответить на вопросы:

1. When was the first space satellite launched?

2. What is a satellite?

3. Who was the first cosmonaut in the world?

Вариант 2

1. Переведите текст:

"Ulugbek"

The great scientists of Central Asia were not only outstanding

thinkers, who confirmed to the world faultless of their ideas on

understanding the Universe. Central Asia also had some of the remarkable

astronomers, who made careful observations under natural phenomena. Among

Samarkand's astronomers of the 15-th century was Ulugbek who made himself

famous by his observations needed for science. Having studied Astronomy

under famous scientists Ulugbek began intensively observing the sky. He

built enormous observatory in Samarkand. Observatory was equipped by the

most modern tools of that time.

2. Переведите слова и выражения:

scientists, outstanding thinkers, to confirm, faultless, the Universe,

remarkable, observations, intensively, enormous observatory, modern tools.

3. Переведите предложение:

Ученые Центральной Азии были не только выдающимися мыслителями, но и

замечательными астрономами.

4. Переведите предложение:

Обсерватория Улугбека в Самарканде была оборудована самыми современными

приборами.

5. Выбрать правильный вариант:

Samarkand's astronomers achieved the great accuracy in their ......

a) ideas

b) observations

c) instruments

6. Выбрать правильный вариант:

The catalogue " Starry tables "contained ........ position of 1018 stars in

the sky.

a) precise

b) geographic

c) different

7. Вставить предлоги:

Astronomy was subject..... major concern ..... him.

8. Вставить предлоги:

Ulugbek's contemporaries were fascinated..... the magnificence ..... the

observatory.

9. Вставить предлоги:

Ulugbek widely used definitions .... geographic coordinates .... different

places .... Central Asia .... practical purpose.

10. Составить предложение:

of, astronomers, known, all, world, were, works, the, Samarkand's, widely,

the, over.

11. Ответить на вопросы:

1) What was Ulugbek famous for?

2) What was the great achievement of Ulugbek in Samarkand?

Вариант 3

1. Переведите текст:

The Electric Current

When a conductor joins two points of different potential, electricity flows

from one to the other along the conductors until the potentials are equal.

This process is very rapid, and with good conductors is completed in a

fraction of a second. While it lasts, an electric current is said to flow

from one point to the other. By convention, the direction of the current is

said to be that from the higher to the lower potential, i.e. the direction

in which positive charges would travel, but actually, owing to their much

greater mobility, it is the negative electrons which move, and it is their

motion which constitutes the current.

2. Переведите на русский язык:

conductor, potential, rapid, direction, positive, charge, mobility, motion,

negative, current.

3. Переведите предложения:

1) Electricity flows from one potential to the other until the potentials

are equal.

2) An electric current flows from one point to the other.

3) The motion of the negative electrons constitutes the electric current.

4. Выбрать правильный вариант слова:

When a conductor joins two points of different potential... flows from one

to the other.

a) process

b) electricity

c) motion

5. Выбрать правильный вариант:

This process is very ... and is completed in a fraction of a second.

a)large

b)slow

c) rapid

6. Выбрать правильный вариант:

The direction of the ... is that from the higher to the lower potential

a) current

b) electricity

c) charge

7. Закончить предложение: The electric current passing through a wire ....

a) will cool that wire

b) will heat that wire

8. Закончить предложение:

By connecting wires to the top and bottom discs Volta ....

a) was able to get electric current

b) was able to heat a conductor

9. Закончить предложение:

When an electric current flows along a conductor, ....

a) the latter becomes strong

b) the latter becomes heated

10. Составить предложение:

from, to, along, flows, potential, the, conductor, electricity, one, other,

the.

11. Перевести на английский язык.

1) Направление тока осуществляется от высшего к низшему потенциалу.

2) Электричество течет от одного потенциала к другому, пока потенциалы

равны.

3) Именно движение отрицательных электронов образует электрический ток.

Вариант 4

1. Переведите текст:

Faraday's Experiment

Faraday knew from his long study of electricity that magnetism should be

able to produce a current, as well as vice versa. In spite of his various

failures, the idea of producing a current directly by magnetic action

remained firm in his thoughts. One of his friends said later how at this

period of his long life Faraday used to carry about with him in his pocket

a small rough model of electro-magnetic apparatus. This consisted simply of

an inch-long straight iron core with some turns of copper wire wound round

it. The basic idea he had in mind was this: if an electric current in a

wire can produce a magnetic effect, why should not a magnet near a

conducting wire produce an electric current?

2. Перевести на русский язык:

electricity, magnetism, various, directly, magnetic, action, really,

successful, immediately, reaction.

3. Переведите предложения:

1) Faraday knew that magnetism should be able to produce a current.

2) He had produced electricity through magnetism which had never been done

before.

3) Faraday used to carry about with him a model of electromagnetic

apparatus.

4. Выбрать правильный вариант слова:

In spite of his various.... Faraday was sure that magnetism should be able

to produce a current.

a) failures b) purposes c) magnets

5. Выбрать правильный вариант:

Anyone who has a coil of wire, a.... magnet and a sensitive current

indicator may repeat Faraday's experiment.

a. ) big b) bar c) copper

6. Выбрать правильный вариант:

Amplifying the current, the scientist.... the necessary results

a) deflected b) got c) switched on

7. Закончить предложение:

Faraday's basic idea was that a magnet near a conducting wire should

be.....

a) on opposite sides of the ring b) able to produce an electric current

8. Закончить предложение: Faraday separated each turn.....

a) by string for insulation purposes b) fed from the battery

9. Закончить предложение: Faraday wound long coils of thin copper wire....,

a) he was disappointed b) on opposite sides of the ring

10. Составить предложение:

by, produce, wanted, electricity, Faraday, to, electromagnetism.

11. Перевести на английский язык:

1) Идея получения тока непосредственно действием магнита не оставляла его

мыслей,

2) Обычно Фарадей носил в кармане маленькую модель электромагнитного

прибора.

12. Ответить на вопросы:

1) What was Faraday famous for?

2) What was his idea?

3) What can you say about a small model of electro-magnetic apparatus,

Вариант 5

1. Переведите текст:

The Discovery of Magnetic Induction.

The discovery in 1820 that there was a close connection between electricity

and magnetism was very exciting -until then, the two subjects had been

considered as quite independent. The first discovery was that currents in

wires make magnetic fields; then in the same year, it was found that wires

carrying current in a magnetic field have forces on them. In 1840 Faraday

discovered - electric effects exist only when there is something changing.

If one of a pair of wires has a carrying current, a current is induced in

the other, or if a magnet is moved near an electric circuit, there is a

current. We say that currents are induced.

2. Переведите слова и словосочетания:

Discovery, magnetic induction, wires, magnetic fields, current, electric

effects, induced, an electric circuit, connection, electricity and

magnetism.

3. Переведите предложения:

1) Electricity and magnetism subjects had been considered as quite

independent subjects.

2) If currents make magnetic fields, people suggested that magnets might

also make electric fields.

4. Выбрать правильный вариант:

For the atom to be electrically neutral, the number of protons must

be....... to that of

electrons.

a) more b) equal c) less

5. Выбрать правильный вариант:

We know Isaac Newton to express the connection between........ and motion

in the form

of several laws.

a) electricity b) current c) force

6. Выбрать правильный вариант:

Before Faraday's discovery the only usable source of........ was the

galvanic battery.

a) electricity b) magnetism c) conduction

7. Закончить предложение:

Artificial magnets may be made by placing.........

a) a magnet to be magnetised into a battery

b) a piece of iron or steel to be magnetised into a coil

8. Закончить предложение:

Faraday wanted to produce electricity by.........

a) Electromagnetism b) electric circuit

9. Составить предложение:

Was, carrying, a, have, them, discovery, that, current, magnetic, forces,

the, wires, in, field, on.

10. Составить предложение:

A, electricity, and, had, as, was, between, magnetism, subjects,

considered, independent, there, connection, and, these, been, quite.

Вариант 6

1. Переведите текст:

Generating an Electric Current

Alessandro Volta, a professor of physics, established the true source of

the electric current. He demonstrated that it could be produced by the

action of dissimilar metals. In 1800 he developed the first electric

battery, a device known as a voltaic pile. Although he tried a number of

different materials he found that the best results were obtained when he

used silver and zinc as the two metals. The pile consisted of a series of

small disks of these and of cardboard, the latter having been soaked in a

salt solution.

2. Переведите слова и словосочетания:

source, dissimilar, device, a voltaic pile, silver, zinc, cardboard,

soaked, salt solution, series.

3. Переведите предложения:

1) The electric current could be produced by the action of dissimilar

metals.

2) A voltaic pile consisted of a series of small disks and of cardboard.

4. Выбрать правильный вариант:

Alessandro Volta established the true... of the electric current,

a) material

b) source

c) field

5. Выбрать правильный вариант:

During his experiments Volta developed the first electric...

a) battery

b) source

c) device

6. Выбрать правильный вариант:

By connecting... to the top and bottom discs Volta got electric current

a) discs b) wires c) bars

7. Закончить предложение:

An electric current is a flow of electrons along...

a) the particles were electrons

b) a metal wire or a conductor

8. Закончить предложение:

There are many measuring devices e. g....

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